第1页共36页编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第1页共36页CHAPTER1AUTOMOTIVEBASICS1.1PrincipalComponentsToday'saveragecarcontainsmorethan15,000separate,individualpartsthatmustworktogether.Thesepartscangroupedintofourmajorcategories:engine,body,chassisandelectricalequipment.1.2EngineTheengineactsasthepowerunit.Theinternalcombustionengineismostcommon:thisobtainsitspowerbyburningaliquidfuelinsidetheenginecylinder.Therearetwotypesofengine:gasoline(alsocalledaspark-ignitionengine)anddiesel(alsocalledacompression-ignitionengine).Bothenginesarecalledheatengines;theburningfuelgeneratesheatwhichcausesthegasinsidethecylindertoincreaseitspressureandsupplypowertorotateashaftconnectedtothetransmission.第2页共36页第1页共36页编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第2页共36页1.3BodyAnautomobilebodyisasheetmetalshellwithwindows,doors,ahood,andatrunkdeckbuiltintoit.Itprovidesaprotectivecoveringfortheengine,passengers,andcargo.Thebodyisdesignedtokeeppassengerssafeandcomfortable.Thebodystylingprovidesanattractive,colorful,modernappearanceforthevehicle.1.4ChassisThechassisisanassemblyofthosesystemsthatarethemajoroperatingpartofavehicle.Thechassisincludesthetransmission,suspension,steering,andbrakesystems.Transmissionsystems―conveysthedrivetothewheels.Themaincomponentsareclutch,gearbox,driveshaft,finaldrive,anddifferential.Suspension―absorbstheroadshocks.Steering―controlsthedirectionofthemovement.Brake―slowsdownthevehicle.1.5ElectricalEquipmentTheelectricalsystemsupplieselectricityfortheignition,horn,lights,heater,andstarter.Theelectricitylevelismaintainedbyachargingcircuit.Thiscircuitconsistsofthebattery,alternator(orgenerator).Thebatterystoreselectricity.Thealternatorchangestheengine'smechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergyandrechargesthebattery.NewWordsPrincipalcomponent主要部件category种类，类型body车身chassis底盘layout布置powerunit动力装置internalcombustionengine内燃机cylinder汽缸gasoline汽油spark火ignition点燃，点火diesel柴油机compression压缩shaft轴transmission传动系sheetmetal金属板shell外壳hood（发动机）罩trunkdeck行李舱盖cargo货物styling样式assembly总成，装配suspension悬挂，悬置shock冲击steering转向，操纵brake刹车，制动器clutch离合器gearbox变速器driveshaft传动轴finaldrive主减速器，后桥differential差速器slowdown（使）慢下来，减速horn喇叭starter起动机第3页共36页第2页共36页编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第3页共36页charge充电alternator交流发电机ReviewQuestions1.Listthemainpartsofanautomobile?2.Whatarethecommontypesofavehicleaccordingtobodystyling?3.Whichsystemsdoesachassisincludeandwhatarethemainfunctionsofthechassis?4.Whyaresuspensionsystemsusedonvehicles?CHAPTER2INTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINE2.1principleofoperation2.1.1EngineandpowerEngineisusedtoproducepower.Thechemicalenergyinfuelisconvertedtoheatbytheburningofthefuelatacontrolledrate.Thisprocessiscalledcombustion.Ifenginecombustionoccurswiththepowerchamber.,theengineiscalledinternalcombustionengine.Ifcombustiontakesplaceoutsidethecylinder,theengineiscalledanexternalcombustionengine.Engineusedinautomobilesareinternalcombustionheatengines.Heatenergyreleasedinthecombustionchamberraisesthetemperatureofthecombustiongaseswiththechamber.Theincreaseingastemperaturecausesthepressureofthegasestoincrease.Thepressuredevelopedwithinthecombustionchamberisappliedtotheheadofapisto...
