四级语法知识点总结(上)VIP免费

沪江网校四级资料1四级语法知识点总结一：时态：所谓的"时态",就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表：将来过去将来一般diddowill/shalldoshould/woulddo进行was/weredoingam/is/aredoingwill/shallbedoing/完成haddonehave/hasdonewill/shallhavedoneshould/wouldhavedone用于虚拟语气完成进行hadbeendoinghave/hasbeendoing//1.主动形式过去现在将来过去将来一般was/weregivenam/is/aregivenwill/shallbegivenshould/wouldbegiven进行was/werebeinggivenam/is/arebeinggiven//完成hadbeengivenhave/hasbeengivenwill/shallhavebeengivenshould/wouldhavebeengiven完成进行///2?被动形式CET-4常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。时间状语从句当中的时态：厂一般过去时丁「所有的过去用彳一般现在时卜表示彳现在和将来匚现在完成时JI现在完成和将来完成:非谓语动词沪江网校四级资料21不定式：一）不定式的常考形式：1）一般形式：Hedecidedtoworkharderinordertocatchupwiththeothers.被动形式：Hepreferredtobeassignedsomeheavierworktodo.语法功能：表示与谓语动词同步发生2）完成形式：Hepretendednottohaveseenme.被动形式：ThebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanyIanguages.语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前二）不定式常考的考点：1）不定式做定语----将要发生2）不定式做状语----目的3）不定式充当名词功能---Toseeistobelieve.三）不定式的省略感官动词see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,smell,taste,feel+do表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing表示动作的连续性，进行性Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。（强调"我看见了"这个事实）Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：Thecaketastesgood;Itfeelscomfortable.使役动词havebidmakelet等词后不定式要省略但同1）一样被动以后要还原toI‘dliketohaveJohndoit.Ihavemypackageweighed.Pauldoesn'thavetobemadetolearn.helphelpsbdohelpsbtodohelpdohelptodo四）有些动词后只跟不定式如：want，wish，hope，managepromise，refuse，pretend，plan，offer，decide，agree，expectallowsbtodo,causesbtodo,permitsbtodo,enablesbtodoforcesbtodo.bemorelikelytodolovetodowarnsbtodobeabletodobeambitioustodo.begintodo.starttodo五）有的时候to后面要接-ing形式accustom（oneself）to;beaccustomedto;faceupto;inadditionto;look沪江网校四级资料3forwardto;objectto;bereducedto;resignoneselfto;beresignedto;resortto;sinkto;beusedto;bealternativeto;beclose/closenessto;bededication/dedicatedto;beopposition/opposedto;besimilarity/similarto.2.动名词：具有动作性特征的名词1）是名词seeingisbelieving2）具有动词性特征可以带宾语starvingtroopsisnecessary.一）动名词的形式：一般形式：Idon'tlikeyousmoking.完成形式：Iregretnothavingtakenyouradvice.被动形式：Thisquestionisfarfrombeingsettled._____二）动名词常考的点1）动名词做主语谓语动词为单数2）在动名词和不定式中，做为介词的宾语是动名词3）动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词，通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语.Iwouldappreciate______backthisafternoonA.youtocallB.youcallC.youcallingD.you'recalling（Key：Cyourcalling也对）Iregretnothavingtakenyouradvice.4）有些词后只能接动名词admit;appreciate;avoid;celebrate;consider;contemplate;defer;delay;deny;detest;discontinue;dislike;dispute;enjoy;itentails;escape;excuse;explain;fancy;feellike;finish;forgive;can'thelp;hinder;imagine;itinvoIves;keep;itmeans;mention;mind;miss;itnecessitates;pardon;postpone;practice;prevent;recall;report;resent;resist;risk;suggest;understand...另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法：it'snogood;it'sno/little/hardlyany/use;it'snot/hardly/scarcelyuse...