Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Completethediagrambyusingtheinformationfromthepassage.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.Healthcampaignsaimingatkeepingteensandothersfromdrinkinganddriving,smoking,andotherriskybehaviorsoftenuseshameandguilttogettheirmessagesacross.Butanewstudyhasfoundthatanti-drinkingadscanactuallyleadsomepeopletoincreasingbingedrinking(酗酒)."Thesituationisworsethanawasteofmoneyandeffort,"saysresearcherAdamDuhachek."Theseadvertisementsfinallymaydomoreharmthangood,becausetheyhavethepotentialtocauseexactlythebehaviorthey’retryingtoprevent.""Theconventionalwisdomofthepeoplewhodesigntheseadvertisementsis,'Ifwescarepeopleenoughit’salwaysgoingtobeagoodthing,’"Duhacheksaid."Butwe’veshowntherearecircumstanceswheretheynotonlyaren’teffective,butcauseastrongnegativereactionthatleadspeopleactuallytodrinkmorethantheywouldhaveiftheyhadn’tbeenexposedtotheadvertisements."Theytestedtwoadvertisementsthatshowedthebackofapersonhugging(抱)atoiletbowl(抽水马桶)afteranightofdrinking.Oneadvertisement,theguilt-inducing(引诱犯罪的)one,includedinformationaboutthenegativeconsequencesaperson’sdrinkingcouldhaveonfriendsandfamily.Theothershame-inducingadvertisementshowedwhatfriendsandfamilywouldsee,includingwatchingthedrunkpersongetintoacaraccidentorgetarrested.Toworkoutwhytheadvertisementsmightincreasedrinking,theresearchersaskedparticipantshowlikelytheythoughtitwasthattheyandotherswouldsufferthenegativeconsequencesofdrinking,suchasgettingintofightsorgettingsick.Studentswhosawtheadvertisementswerelesslikelytothinktheywereatriskthanothergroups.Inanotherpartofthestudy,studentswhohadlookedattheadvertisementstendedtoratetheirfriendsasbeingatriskofthenegativeconsequences,butnotthemselves.Ifyouwanttopositivelyinfluencedrinking,makesurethecampaignsexpressboththeseriousconsequencesandanempowering(权威的)message."Ifyou’regoingtotrytobringfear,relieveitwiththeideathatthedanger’savoidable,"hesaid."It’salwaysbesttouseacarrotalongwiththestick."Healthcampaigns1.Tokeepteensandothersfromdrinkinganddriving,smoking,andotherriskybehaviors2.Anti-drinkingadscanactuallyleadsomepeopletoincreasingbingedrinking(酗酒).thesituationIt’sawasteofmoneyandeffort.3.thangood,becauseitis4.tocauseexactlythebehaviorthey’retryingtoprevent."thecausesTheyare5.incertaincircumstancesandmaycauseastrongnegativereaction.Studentsthinktheirfriendsare6.thenegativeconsequences,butnotthemselves.twoadvertisementstested1.theguilt-inducingadvertisement:Aperson’sdrinkingcouldhave7.onfriendsandfamily.2.theothershame-inducingadvertisement:Friendsandfamilymay8.thedrunkpersongetintoacaraccidentorgetarrested.9.oncampaignsBothempoweringmessagesanddangersshould10.inadvertisements.1.purpose/aim/goal2.anewdiscovery3.Domoreharm4.possible5.noteffective6.atriskof7.thenegativeconsequences8.watch/see9.advice/suggestions/tips10.beexpressed
