Module1EuropeTASK—教案■Goals●Tolearntomakeafile■ProceduresStep1:SurfingtheInternetforrelatedinformationStep2:MakingaposterdisplayofyourfactfileShanxiShanxiisanorthernprovinceofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.Itsone-characterabbreviationisJin(晋),afterthestateofJinthatexistedhereduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod.Shanxihasanareaof150,000km²andapopulationof32.97million.Shanxi'snameliterallymeans"mountains'west",whichreferstotheprovince'slocationwestoftheTaihangMountains.ShanxibordersHebeitotheeast,Henantothesouth,Shaanxitothewest,andInnerMongoliatothenorth.ThecapitalofShanxiisTaiyuan.HistoryShanxiwasthelocationofthepowerfulstateofJinduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod(722BC-403BC),whichunderwentathree-waysplitintothestatesofHan,ZhaoandWeiin403BC,thetraditionaldatetakenasthestartoftheWarringStatesPeriod(403BC-221BC).By221BCallofthesestateshadfallentothestateofQin,whichestablishedtheQinDynasty(221BC-206BC).用心爱心专心TheHanDynasty(206BC-220AD)ruledShanxiastheprovince(zhou)ofBingzhou(并州BìngZhōu).DuringthebarbarianinvasionsoftheSixteenKingdomsperiod(304-439,ShanxiwashotlydisputedalongwiththerestofNorthChina,andpresent-dayDatongservedforatimeasthecapitaloftheNorthernWei(386-534),aXianbeikingdomthatwentontorulenearlyallofNorthChina.DuringtheTangDynasty(618-907)andafter,theareawascalledHédōng(河東),or"eastofthe(Yellow)river".DuringtheFiveDynastiesandTenKingdomsPeriod(907-960)ShanxicameundertheNorthernHan,theonlyoneofthetenkingdomsinNorthChina.ShanxiwasformallyestablishedwithitspresentnameandapproximatebordersbytheMingDynasty(1368-1644).ForcenturiesShanxiwasacenteroftradeandbanking,andtheterm"Shanximerchant"(晋商)wasoncesynonymouswithwealth;thewell-preservedcityofPingyao,inShanxi,alsoshowsmanysignsofitsformerdominanceasacenteroftradeandbanking.Inmoderntimes,however,Shanxihasfaredfarlesswell.Todayitdependsoncoalandisoneofthepoorerprovinces(bybothGDPandGDPpercapita)ofChina.GeographyShanxiislocatedonaplateau,whichisinturnmadeupofhighergroundtotheeast(Taihangmountains)andthewest(Lüliangmountains),andaseriesofvalleysinthecenterthroughwhichtheFenRiverflows.ThehighestpeakisMountWutai(WutaiShan)atanaltitudeof3058m.TheFenandQinrivers,tributariesofHuangHe(ortheYellowRiver),drainmuchoftheprovince;thenorthisdrainedbytributariesoftheHaiRiver,suchasSangganandHutuorivers.Shanxihasacontinentalmonsoonclimate,andisratherarid.Annualprecipitationaveragesaround350-700mm.Thereisverylittleprecipitationinwinterandspring.EconomyShanxidependsmostlyonagriculture,mainlythecultivationofwheat,butalsocornandsorghum.Shanxiisveryrichinnaturalresources,includingcoalandbauxite.Shanxihas,infact,onethirdofChina'scoal,andthishasmadeShanxialeadingproducerofcoalwithinChina.IndustryinShanxiismostlycenteredoncoal,powergeneration,metalrefining,andotherheavyindustries.用心爱心专心In2003,Shanxihadagrossdomesticproductof245.7billionRMB,andapercapitaincomeof7468RMB.Bymarketexchangerates,theseconverttoUS$29.6billionandUS$990respectively.DemographicsThepopulationismostlyHanChinesewithminoritiesofHuiChinese,Mongols,andManchus.CulturePeopleinmostregionsofShanxispeakdialectsofJin,asubdivisionofChinese.PeopleinthesouthwestspeakdialectsofMandarin.(JinissometimesclassifiedasasubdivisionofMandarin.Formoreinformation,seeChinesespokenlanguage.)VinegarisaveryimportantpartofShanxicuisine.PopularformsoftraditionalentertainmentincludeShanxiOpera(Jinju),Puju,BeiluBangzi,ShangdangBangziandShanxiYangge.TourismInadditiontothemajorcitiestherearealsothefollowingsights:AncientCityofPingyaoisatownandaWorldHeritageSitenearTaiyuannotedforitspreservationofmanyfeaturesofnorthernHanChineseculture,architecture,andwayoflifeduringtheMingandQingDynasties.YungangGrottoes,aWorldHeritageSiteinDatongconsistof252cavesnotedfortheircollectionof5thand6thcenturyBuddhistcaveart.MountWutai(WutaiShan)isthehighestpointintheprovince.ItisknownastheresidenceofthebodhisattvaManjusri,andasaresultisalsoamajorBuddhistpilgrimagedestination,withmanytemplesandnaturalsights.MountHengshan(HengShan),inHunyuanCounty,isoneoftheWuYue(FiveGreatPeaks)ofChina,andisalsoamajorTaoistsite.DazhaiisavillageinXiyangCounty.Situatedinhilly,difficultterrain,itwasaholysiteduringtheCulturalRevolution,whenitwassetouttotheentirenationasexemplaryofthehardinessoftheproletariat,especiallypeasants.用心爱心专心
