SectionⅢLesson2&Lesson3PIONEERSOFSCIENCEIfyouhadtochoosethesinglemostimportantdiscoveryofthe20thcentury,youwouldhavearealdilemma①onyourhands.Injust100years,theworldchangedcompletely.Amazingdiscoveriesweremade②inmedicine,communicationsandtransport,nottomention③ourknowledgeoftheworldandspace.Medicaladvancesrangedfrom④discoveringthecausesofdiseasesundermicroscopes⑤tosurgicalprocedures⑥replacingdiseasedorgans⑦withdonated⑧ones.Communicationschangedwiththeintroductionofmobilephonesandthewaywecorrespond⑨wentfromwritingletterstoemailing.Westartedflyingaroundtheworldandmeanwhile⑩,scientistsfiguredout⑪howtosplit⑫theatom,previouslythoughttobethesmallestparticleofmatterintheuniverse⑬.Althoughitisimpossibletochoosethemostimportantdiscovery⑭，itispossibletosingleoutafewpioneersofthe20thcentury.Herearefiveofthem.①dilemma[d'lem]ɪən．困境，进退两难的窘境②makeadiscovery发现③nottomention更不用说④rangefrom...to...范围从……到……⑤microscope['makrskp]ɪəəʊn．显微镜⑥procedure[pr'sid]əːʒən．步骤；程序⑦organ['ɡn]ɔːən．器官⑧donate[d'net]əʊɪvt.捐赠，此处是过去分词表被动，作前置定语。⑨correspond[ˌkr'spnd]ɒɪɒvi.通信；符合correspondwithsb.与某人通信theway后接定语从句wecorrespond。意为：我们通信的方式。○meanwhile['minwal]ːɪadv.同时⑪figureout弄清楚⑫split[splɪt]vi.分开，分离⑬此处是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰atom。⑭although引导让步状语从句；it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式tochoose...。科学发现的先驱者如果你必须选择20世纪最重要的一个发现，你将会面对一个真正的难题。仅仅100年，世界就完全变了。医学、通讯和交通运输方面都有了惊人的发现，更不用说我们对世界和空间的了解了。医学的进步包括从在显微镜下发现疾病的起因到用捐赠器官替代病变器官的外科手术程序。通讯随着移动电话的引入而改变，我们通信的方式也从写信变成发电子邮件。我们开始在世界各地飞行，同时，科学家们发现了怎样分离原子，而原子以前被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。虽然不可能选择最重要的发现，但是挑选出20世纪的几个先驱者是可能的。以下是他们中的五位。Oneofthe20thcentury’spremier⑮scientistswasAlbertEinstein.Inthesummerof1905,thisoutspoken⑯youngmanwasrockinghisoneyearoldbabywhenhewassuddenlyinspired⑰.“E＝mc2”wasborn.E＝mc2showedhowasmallpieceofmasscouldproduceanunbelievableamountofenergy.Einsteinthenshowedinhis“theoryofrelativity”thatnoteventime,massorlengthareconstant—theychangeaccordingto⑱ourexperienceofthem.Einsteinhadalreadybecomeworldfamouswhenayoungexlawyer,returningfromtheFirstWorldWar⑲，startedworkinCalifornia.Usingthemosthigh-poweredtelescope⑳ofthetime,hebeganthelong,slowprocessofexploringourgalaxy.EdwinHubblewasabouttomakeastronomy’sgreatestbreakthroughofthecentury.Hediscoveredsmallareasofmistwhichwereinfactgalaxieslikeourown，millionsoflightyearsawayfromus，whichprovedthattheuniversewasvastlylargerthanhadpreviouslybeenthought.⑮premier['prem]ɪəadj.最重要的⑯outspoken[at'spkʊəʊn]adj.直言的，坦率的⑰此处是wasdoing...when...句型，意为：正在做……这时……⑱accordingto根据⑲returningfromtheFirstWorldWar在此处作后置定语。⑳telescope['telskp]ɪəʊn．望远镜○Usingthemost...是现在分词作方式状语。○galaxy['ɡælksi]ən．星系○beabouttodo...即将做……○mist[mst]ɪn．薄雾○which引导定语从句，修饰smallareasofmist。○which引导非限制性定语从句，指代上文的整件事情。20世纪最重要的科学家之一是阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦。1905年的夏天，这个直率的年轻人正在摇着他一岁大的孩子，突然灵感就产生了。“E＝mc2”诞生了...
