第1页共11页编号:时间:2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟页码:第1页共11页BEC考试阅读材料精选(一)Forthemarkets,ratecutsarelikeadrug.Theycaninspireeuphoria,butcanalsoinducedependency.Markets,likeaddicts,needbiggerandbiggerdosestogetthesameeffect.Thishasframedthemarket’sprognosisfortheFederalReserve,whichtodaymeetstodecideonmonetarypolicy.Whenitcutby50basispointsinSeptember,itsparkedahugerally.Butcuttingbyonly25bpinOctoberpromptedarelapse,asUSstocksfellandcredittightenedoncemore.WithFedgovernorsadmittingthattheliquiditysqueezehadintensifiedandtradersbettingonarecession,marketsdecidedthatanother50bpcutmustbeforthcoming.Thatsparkedthelatestrally.Butthatspeculationisdimming:futuresarepricingacutof25bpnot50bp.Why?Centralbankssoundedhawkishlastweek.TheBankofEnglandcutthebankratebutwarnedoninflation,andtheEuropeanCentralBank,whichwasonhold,soundedclosertoraisingratesthancuttingthem.Mostimportant,however,isemploymentdata.TheFedismandatedtopursuefullemployment,sobadjobsnumbersprovidegreatcoverforabigratecut..LastFriday’snon-farmpayrollsdidnotprovideit.Thenumberemployedroseby94,000,comparedwithforecastsof80,000.Thisdatarefusestoslipintorecessionterritory.Thehouseholdsurvey,compiledbypollinghouseholdsratherthancompanies,evenshowsjobsgrowthpickingupslightly.CantheFedrestitsdiagnosisonthisdata?Firmstrackingthemoneycompanieswithholdfortaxpurposeswarnthatjobgrowthseemstohavestopped.ButtheFeddoesnotwanttoinduceadependencycultureinthemarkets,anditdoesnotwanttosignalthatitisscaredofarecession.A25bpcutintheFedFundsrate,possiblywithasteepercuttothehigherdiscountrate,atwhichitlendstobanks,looksthemostlikelyprescription.对市场而言,降息犹如毒品。它们能让人兴奋,但也能导致依赖。就像瘾君子一样,市场需要越来越大的剂量,才能达到同样的效果。这就为美联储(Fed)圈定了市场可能会有的症状。今天,美联储将开会决定货币政策。当它今年9月降息50个基点时,曾引发市场大幅上扬。但是,由于10月仅降息25个基点,导致市场故态复萌:美国股市下跌,信贷再次紧缩。由于美联储官员承认流动性紧缩有所加剧,交易员猜测会出现经济衰退,因此,市场认为美联储将再次降息50个基点。这引发了最近的上涨。不过,这种猜测正在渐渐降温:期货价格显示市场预计降息25个基点、而非50个基点为什么呢?各国央行上周听起来还很强硬。英国央行(BankofEngland)降低了利率,但发出了通胀警告。按兵不动的欧洲央行(EuropeanCentralBank)听起来更像要加息,而不是降息。然而,最重要的是就业数据。美联储受命实现完全就业,因此,糟糕的就业数据可以为大幅降息提供很好的借口。上周五公布的非农就业数据无法提供这个借口。就业人数增加了9.4万人,高于此前预测的8万人。这样的数据显示,经济没有滑入衰退区间。通过调查家庭而非调查企业汇编的家庭调查甚至显示,就业增速还略有上扬。美联储可以依据这个数据做出诊断吗?追踪企业税项拨备的公司警告称,这种就业增长似乎已经停止。不过,美联储并不想在市场上诱导“瘾君子文化”,也不想表现出自己害怕经济衰退。看起来,美联储最可能开具的药方是:联邦基金利率降低25个基点,并可能更大幅度降低其贷款给各银行所依据的较高的贴现率。第2页共11页第1页共11页编号:时间:2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟页码:第2页共11页BEC考试阅读材料精选(二)女巫的超前思维DearEconomist,ThereisalegendaboutthelastkingoftheRomans,Tarquin.AnoldwitchcametoTarquin,andofferedtosellhimninebooksofprophecyatanexorbitantprice.Tarquinlaughedattheoffer.Thewitchburnedthreeofthebooks,andthenofferedtosellhimtheremainingsixfortheoriginalprice.Tarquinrefusedagain.Thewitchburnedthreemorebooksandoffer...