独立主格结构（一）构成------独立主格（名词或代词）后接todo,doing,done,形容词、副词或介词短语构成，名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；名词(代词)+不定式；名词(代词)+形容词；名词(代词)+副词；名词(代词)+介词短语②在句中作状语，并对主句进行补充说明。③它有自己逻辑上的主语，表达相对独立的意思④独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语截然不同（二）独立主格结构的特点：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。4)在句中作状语，并对主句进行补充说明。5)它有自己逻辑上的主语，表达相对独立的意思1、名词/代词+todoWedividethework,hetocleanwindowsandItosweepthefloor.Anumberofofficialsfollowedtheemperor,sometoholdhisrobe,otherstoadjusthisgirdle,andsoon.Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetocomeoutnextmonth.2、名词/代词+doingItbeingfine,wedecidedtogoforapicnic.Therebeingnobusortaxithen,wehadtowalkhome.Therebeingnothingelsetodo,weleft.Theproblemhavingbeensettled,weendedourmeeting.Theclockhavingstruck12,Iwenttobed.3、名词/代词+doneHisvoicedrownedbythenoise,thespeakerinterruptedhislecture.Herwalletstolen,shehadnomoneytobuyevenabusticket.因为钱包被偷了，她甚至连买车票的钱也没有了。1、名词/代词+adj./adv.Isawdeeppools,thewaterbluelikethesky.我看见深深的池塘里，水蓝蓝的像天空。Thecondition(being)favorable,hemaysucceed.条件有利的话，他可能成功。Summer(being)over,studentsreturnedtoschool.夏天过去了，学生回到了学校。Allthelightson,ourclassroombuildinglooksevenmorebeautiful.2、名词/代词+介词短语Hecameintotheclassroom,bookinhand.Themenranoutoftheburninghouse,manyofthemwiththeirclothesonfire.Hewentoff,guninhand.Theoldmanstoodunderabigtree,pipeinmouth.在这个结构中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语中的名词都是单数名词，在这些名词前习惯上不用冠词。Hestoodunderatree,handinpocket.=withahandinhispocket.以上结构均可以加上with，构成with的复合结构，其意义和用法同独立主格结构相同。Hecameintotheclassroom,bookinhand.withabookinhishand.Hisnosewasrunningandhishandswereshaking.Heleftthetheaterlikethat.Hisnoserunningandhishandsshaking,heleftthetheater.考试结束了，我们开始放假。Whenthetestwasfinished,webeganourholidayThetestfinished,webeganourholiday.总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。Afterthepresidentwasassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.Thepresidentassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.１.（由于是星期天），wedecidedtogohome.２.(由向导带路)，wesetoffonfootintothedarknight.３.(有那么多书要读),Ican’tkilltimebyplayingcards．４．AtthegatestoodaPLAman,（手里握着枪）．５．（做完家庭作业），hewenttobed．1．ItbeingSunday.２.Theguideleadingtheway(Withtheguideleadingtheway)３．Withsomanybookstoread４．guninhand（withaguninhishand）５．Thehomeworkdone/finished（Withhishomeworkdone/finished）独立结构，是由独立主格（名词或代词）后接分词、形容词、不定式、介词短语或副词构成，在句中可作伴随状语、时间状语、原因状语、条件状语或定语1).ThelargestcollectioneverfoundinEnglandwasoneofabout200,000silverpennies,allofthatover600yearsold.(高二上：Coins)2).Ateamof15Indianexpertsareorganizingaworkforceof400Cambodians,mostofwhomarewomen.=mostofthemwomen.做定语3).Themeetingover，welefttheroom．4).Hereturnedhome，hisfacepale．5).Timepermitting，we’llvisittheSummerPalace．6).Therebeingnobus,Ihavetowalkhome.做原因状语做伴随状语做条件状语做原因状语
