初中英语定语从句讲解与练习学案一．定语从句的理解：用来修饰名词或代词的词称为定语：atallbuildingthebookonthedeskanythingimportantthegirlinred如果定语是句子，便称为定语从句。Iknowthegirl.Thegirlisinred.(两个简单句)→Iknowthegirlwhoisinred.（定语从句）被修饰的词是_______________。这个词就称为先行词。其中连接两个句子的是______________，称为关系词。关系词在从句中指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的成分，观察上句，关系词在从句中充当________________。附：关系词与先行词的关系：关系词和先行词密切相关，因为关系词用来指代先行词，并且在从句中充当一定的成分。定语从句中常用的关系词有：关系代词who/whom(先行词表示人)which(先行词表示物)that/whose(先行词表示人或物)关系代词在从句中可充当主语，宾语或定语；关系副词when(表示时间)where(表示地点)why(表示原因)关系副词在从句中充当状语。结论：关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二．按关系词种类学习（一）关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语。(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(2)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(1)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(2)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)(3)Isthisthedoctorthat（whom）youtalkedaboutyesterday？这就是你们昨天谈论的那位医生吗？(4)Theletterthat（which）Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommyfather．昨天我收到的信是我父亲寄来的。5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.注：whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(4)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?注：that的用法(1)只能用that而不用which作为定语从句的关系代词的情况1(a)在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,all等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油问题。(b)先行词有theonly,thevery,thelast,just修饰时，只用that。ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.这正是我想买的字典。(c)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级修饰时，只用that,不能用which。.ThisisthefirstEnglishmoviethatIhaveeverseen.这是我曾看过的第一部英文电影。ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.这是我读过的最好的书。(d)先行词既有人，又有物时。IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。(e)当主句以Therebe…结构开头时，或关系代词在therebe…结构中作实义主语，先行词为物。Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.Therearetwobooksonhistorythatareforyou.(f)主句的主语是疑问词who/which时。Whoisthegirlthatiscrying？正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished.谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚．(2)不用that的情况(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。Thenecklace,whichyougavemeasapresent,waslostyesterday.你送给我做...
