初中英语定语从句讲解与练习学案一.定语从句的理解:用来修饰名词或代词的词称为定语:atallbuildingthebookonthedeskanythingimportantthegirlinred如果定语是句子,便称为定语从句。Iknowthegirl.Thegirlisinred.(两个简单句)→Iknowthegirlwhoisinred.(定语从句)被修饰的词是_______________。这个词就称为先行词。其中连接两个句子的是______________,称为关系词。关系词在从句中指代先行词,并在从句中充当一定的成分,观察上句,关系词在从句中充当________________。附:关系词与先行词的关系:关系词和先行词密切相关,因为关系词用来指代先行词,并且在从句中充当一定的成分。定语从句中常用的关系词有:关系代词who/whom(先行词表示人)which(先行词表示物)that/whose(先行词表示人或物)关系代词在从句中可充当主语,宾语或定语;关系副词when(表示时间)where(表示地点)why(表示原因)关系副词在从句中充当状语。结论:关系词常有三个作用:1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二.按关系词种类学习(一)关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人,在从句中做主语。(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。(2)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。(1)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(2)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)(3)Isthisthedoctorthat(whom)youtalkedaboutyesterday?这就是你们昨天谈论的那位医生吗?(4)Theletterthat(which)Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommyfather.昨天我收到的信是我父亲寄来的。5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.注:whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(4)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?注:that的用法(1)只能用that而不用which作为定语从句的关系代词的情况1(a)在不定代词,如:anything,nothing,all等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油问题。(b)先行词有theonly,thevery,thelast,just修饰时,只用that。ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.这正是我想买的字典。(c)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级修饰时,只用that,不能用which。.ThisisthefirstEnglishmoviethatIhaveeverseen.这是我曾看过的第一部英文电影。ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.这是我读过的最好的书。(d)先行词既有人,又有物时。IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。(e)当主句以Therebe…结构开头时,或关系代词在therebe…结构中作实义主语,先行词为物。Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.Therearetwobooksonhistorythatareforyou.(f)主句的主语是疑问词who/which时。Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished.谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚.(2)不用that的情况(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。Thenecklace,whichyougavemeasapresent,waslostyesterday.你送给我做...