影响听力的三个重要因素•词汇量•(瞬时)记忆力•注意力•发音×训练听力最有效的方法•前提:掌握2000常用词汇(拼写、用法、例句)•听写和复述(及跟读)•听写可以提高瞬时记忆能力;跟读改善发音,复述培养语感。听力技巧及听的重点•结构/提纲outline----Bodylanguage/Urbanization•大意mainidea----Answerquestions(原句或概括)•核心词keywordsorphrases----Fillblanks如何记笔记•如何记提纲/结构•如何记句子•如何记核心词汇具体方法•如何记结构/提纲(outlining)•文章的框架和脉络,内容的主次。提示难点,突出逻辑•主•次•再次•主•次•再次•Mainidea•supportingidea•supportingidea•minorpoints,example,detail,etc.•……•笔记左边为重要内容,右边则是细节内容,而且越是往右记越是细节,当然相对来说通常也越不是很重要。如何记句子•针对听写(半句+半句)•一般,听到一句话,尽力集中精力把前半句记下来;再听一遍记后半句。•听写时,不用符号记录,可用缩略语。因为听写要求记录听到的每一个单词。如果用符号,要把单词的第一个字母写在旁边。•注意语调,以便判断出所使用的标点。•若不是听写,就记主干----核心词汇的组合。如何记单词或短语•针对所有听力内容(听一遍或听多遍)•简写/缩略、符号•常见略语,例如:•Limited=ltd.Cp(compare)•Co(company),eg(forexample)•etc(andsoon),esp(especially),•ie(thatis),max(maximum)•min(minimum),ref(reference)•std(standard),usu(usually)•t(thousand)m(million);•b(billion)h(hour)•S(second)min(minute)•km(kilometer)m(metre,mile)•1st(first),2nd(second),3rd(third),4th(fourth)(序数词)保留大写字母或第一音节•Economy:E;Education:Edu;•Culture:Cul;Politics:P;•Scienceandtechnology:ST/sctech;Health:H;Tourism:T;Environment:En;Industry:I;Agriculture:A•如果有形容词,后边写al或后缀(y,ful,less)常见短语缩略•AFAC:asfaras…isconcerned(就……而言)•LFT:lookforwardto(期待)•ASAP:assoonaspossible(尽快)用标点代替•?问题,麻烦,障碍,如:question,issue,difficulty,hardship,barrier,obstacle…•:主观想法和说辞,如:think,consider,speak,say,talk,mark,announce,declare,hope;repeat或reaffirm可以用:2来替代;声明支持可以用+:来替代,谴责用-:•。表时间前后,如去年。y,明年y。,后天d。。,前天。。d,两周后w。。•!but图象•︶高兴,同意,满意等,如:happy,pleased,satisfied,agree…•︵悲伤,生气,不满,等,如:sad,angry,irritated,unsatisfied,sorrowful,discomfort,…•⊙会议,如conference,meeting,seminar,symposium…(听写:c)⊙•□国家,地区,如:中国:□C,俄国:R(US,Br,Fr,Is,Afg,Pak,Rus,Ch,Jap,Ita,Ge,)短语速记、信号词速记•直接提示观点、表递进关系的信号词•therearesomereasonswhy •First…Second…Third123•WhatIwanttotalkaboutis…:•Andmostimportant,…impt/m*•Amajordevelopment…主devp•Whyitwassoimportant…why*•Atermfor…术•Itcanbedefinedinthisway义…•Inotherwords…or/换•Insummary…sum•Fromthisweseethat…见•Wemaydrawtheconclusion…结•Rememberthat…记•Theimportantideaisthat…*idea•Inaddition另•Moreover/furthermore/what’smore且•Equallyimportant…=impt•NextIwanttomention…to提:•We'llbelookingatacoupleofwaysto…*转折(提示转折后的内容更重要)•Ontheonehand,ontheotherhand…一,另•Onthecontrary…反•Incontrast…反•Andinfact…实•Bycomparison比…•Althoughthismaybetrue,…虽实因果、总结(后面信息更重要)•Asaresult,…果,•Forthispurpose…标/for/ •Therefore/Consequently/Finally终/∴•Inbrief…简:•Onthewhole…总:•Toconclude/inconclusion,Tosummarize,tosumup括/sum•AsIhaveshown/ashasbeennoted/aswehaveseen…可见举例(记住例中描述的对象,以及为什么要举例)•Forexa...