1英语句子成分简析英语句子成分一、句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。主要成分:句子成分次要成分:二、各成分分析(一)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和从句等表示。例如:1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.()2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.()3.Fortysoundssimilartofourteen.()4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.()5.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.()6.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.()7.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.()8.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.()9.Itisnecessarythatheshouldattendthemeetingtomorrow.()10.Thatheisall-roundstirstheinterestofallthejudges.()(二)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词或动词短语在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。例如:1.Wecome.2.IsTomwatchingTVinthesitting-roomnow?3.TheyhavelearnedthreeEnglishsongsalready.4.Wehavebeenlookingforwardtohisvisit.5.Heisastudent.6.Helooksquitehappytoday.注:系动词用于连接主语和表语,说明主语的身份,状态和性质特征等。系动词可分为以下六类:1)状态系动词:beHeisill.Heisastudent.2)持续系动词:keep,remain,stay,last...Healwayskeepsilentatthemeeting.Eggscanstayfreshforalongtimeinthefridge.3)表象系动词:seem,appear,lookHeseems(tobe)verysad.4)感官系动词:feel,smell,taste,soundThiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.Thisdishtastesdelicious.5)变化系动词:become,grow,turn,go,get...Hewentcrazy.Leavestungreeninspring.6)终止系动词:prove,turnoutTherumorprovedfalse.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.(三)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及从句表示。例如:2英语句子成分简析1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.()2.Isityours?()3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.()4.Thespeechisexciting.()5.Thecupisbroken.()6.Threetimessevenistwentyone?()7.HisjobistoteachEnglish.()8.Thequestioniswhenandwheretogoforapicnic.()9.HisjobisteachingEnglish.()10.Themachinemustbeoutoforder.()11.Themeetingisofgreatimportance.()12.Timeisup.Theclassisover.()13.Aretheyin?()14.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.()15.Thequestioniswhenandwherewewillgoforapicnic.()(四)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。(不及物动词动词没有宾语)宾语一般由名词、代词、数词、名词化形容词、不定式、动名词短语和从句。例如:1.Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展览)yesterday.()2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.()3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.()4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.()5.Hepretendednottoseeme.()6.Alicethinksitinterestingtoswimwithhersister.()7.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.()8.Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.()9.Idon’tknowwherethesportsmeetingwillbeheld.()双宾语:直接宾语和间接宾语例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.()是直接宾语,()是间接宾语。总结:有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如give,pass,tell等,这两个宾语通常一个是人,一个是物,其中_______是直接宾语,__________是间接宾语。常见的这类及物动词有:1)To:give,pass,tell,write,send,show,hand,bring,lend...2)For:buy,cook,order,choose...(五)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一...