专题02词汇聚合思维之聚焦语义场域核心笔记▲语义场语义场又称为词汇场(lexicalfield)和领域(domain),是指在意义上相互关联的词组成的完整而又变化的词汇系统。语义场的基本内涵是:语言中词汇在语义上是相互联系的,他们构成一个完整的系统、一个网络,其中某些词在一个共同概念的支配下,构成一个语义场。由于语义场的存在,我们只有通过分析和比较词与词之间的关系,才能恰当确定一个词的真正意义。在英语中,语义场主要有上下义义场,整体与部分义场,同义义场和反义义场等。▲英语中的同义词英语中的同义词极其丰富,在词汇教学中,教师应该积极建构同义义场。但同时,教师有必要让学生了解同义词之间因语体、程度、感情色彩、搭配、方言等方面的不同而产生的细微差别。例如,在描一个人“瘦”时,可以用不同的词表达出不同的感情色彩。slim表示人瘦但好看,我们通常说苗条,skinny表示非常瘦,有皮包骨头的感觉,scrawny则表示太瘦甚至难看。英语中有许多同义词是由于搭配意义不同而有所区别的。例如,表达“控告”意思的同义词accuse,charge,rebuke,reproach之间的差异就体现在不同的搭配上。accuse与介词of搭配;charge与with搭配,rebuke搭配介词for;而reproach则搭配介词for或with。有很多同义词在意义方面并无差别,但表达和书写却不一样。这是因为不同地区的人使用不同的表达,即方言上的差异。如fall和autumn都表示秋天,但美国人习惯fall,而英国人则一般用autumn;另外,country,nationstate,land都可以理解为“国家”,但它们各自内涵的侧重点不同。country侧重“国土”:nation侧重“国民”;state侧重“政府”;land也指“国土”,但它比country更具文学色彩和感情色彩。微型强化练习一、同义句转换(每空一词)1.Theymadehimwork12hoursaday.He____________________________________12hoursaday.2.IamaLeaguemember.HeisaLeaguemember,too._________he_________I_________Leaguemembers.3.Heissoyoungthathecan'tjointhearmy.Heis_________young_________thearmy.4.Theplayersmiledandjumpedintotheriver.Theplayerjumpedintotheriver___________________________.5.Mr.BrownleftLondonsixyearsago.___________________________Londonforsixyears.6.Theearthisbiggerthanthemoon.Themoonis____________________________________theearth.7.Heisoneofmyfriends.Heisafriend__________________.8.Theteachertoldusthatweshouldnotmeetattheschoolgate.Theteachertoldus___________________________attheschoolgate.9.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.It'sinteresting.Ihave__________________totellyou.10.Isawthemplayingbasketballthere.Isaw_________they__________________basketballthere.11.Listencarefully,andyou'llbecomemoreinterested.__________________listencarefully,you'llbecomemoreinterested.12.Shehasbeenanurseforfiveyears.It____________________________________shebecameanurse.13.Allarehere,butourEnglishteacherisn't._________ishere_________ourEnglishteacher.14.Itwassointerestingafilmthatallofussawittwice.Itwas__________________interesting_________thatallofussawittwice.15.MotherwasbusywithsomehouseworkwhenIgothome.Motherwas__________________somehouse-workwhenIgothome.二、英语基础词汇辨析填空题1.a/an/theA.There's"u"and_____"s"in_____word"us".B.Thereis___youngmanand___oldmaninthephoto.___oldmanis_____youngman'sfather.2.one/onesA.Idon'tlikethisskirt.Showmethat_____.B.Thenewskirtsaremine.Theold_____areyours.3.by/with/in/useA.Jaycansingthesong____eitherChineseorEnglish.Howgreat!B.Iwon'tbelieveituntilIseeit_____myowneyes.C.Weusually______arulertodrawastraightline.D.MissZhaogoestowork______bike.4.puton/wear/in/dressA.Thetwinsdon'talways_____thesameclothes,B.Thewoman_____aredhatisournewEnglishleacher.C.It'sverycoldtoday.Please___moreclotheswhenyougoout.D.Mot...