关于幸福心理的问题•人生的最终目的是什么？•什么是幸福？•你幸福吗？幸福水平可以测量吗？•为什么有的人幸福，有的人不幸福？•如何才能获得幸福？•2002年若贝尔经济学奖获得者关于“财富的极大化与幸福的极大化”的看法幸福的含义•哈佛大学现在最热的课程---积极心理学•哈佛大学最受欢迎的人生导师•塔勒本•-沙哈尔•幸福=意义+快乐Thinkingabouthappiness•Remember,thesestudiesarebasedonlargenumbersofpeople.•Thefindingstalkaboutgeneralpatterns.Ingeneral,arepeoplehappy?•Yes.•75%-80%ofpeopleworldwidesaythey’rehappy.•Excited,proud,pleasedwithinthepastweek.Setpointforhappiness•幸福的调整点•Maybegenetic•可能是遗传的•Within1yearofaverypositiveorverynegativeevent,happinessreturnstopreviouslevels.•在一个非常积极或非常消极的事件之后，1年之内，幸福回到从前的状态•残奥会的启示Whatisnotassociatedwithhappiness?•Age•Gender•Race•Why?Age&SWBin16Nations0102030405060708090100Percentsatisfiedwithlife15-2425-3435-4445-5455-6465+AgeGroupReportofSatisfactionbyGender0102030405060708090100Mean%Reporting%"Satisfied"%"VeryHappy"MenWomenWhatisnotassociatedwithhappiness?•Education（教育程度）•Livinginabigcityorsmalltown•生活在大城市，还是在小镇上•Partofthecountrywhereyoulive•Why?Whatisnotassociatedwithhappiness?•Wealth（财富）•Wealthycountriesarenohappierthanpoorcountries.•富国并不比穷国更幸福•Withinanycountry,peoplewhoaremostwealthyarenotanyhappierthaneveryoneelse.•在任何国家，最富裕的人，不比任何其他人更幸福•Why?MoneydoesnotbuyhappinessWhatisassociatedwithhappiness?•Highself-esteem•高自尊Why?How?•自尊是人格的基石•Senseofcontroloverlife•对生活有控制感Why?How?•Optimism•乐观主义Why?How?Whatisassociatedwithhappiness?•Extraversion•外向性Why?How?•HealthandFitness•健康与适应Why?How?•MaritalStatus•婚姻状态Why?How?ISMARRIAGEBLISSImportanceoffamily•Rarepersonwho,ashislifedrawstoaclose,wisheshehadspentmoretimewithatwork.Question1•Howdohappypeoplebehave?•幸福的人的行为举止是怎样的呢?•Whatdotheydothatmakesthemhappy?•他们做了什么事，使得他们幸福呢？•Toanswerthatquestion,wecanlookatsomerecentresearchstudiesonhappiness.DienerandSeligman,2002•Acomparisonofhappypeopleandunhappypeople.•比较幸福的人与不幸福的人DienerandSeligman,2002•Participantsreported–satisfactionwithlife–生活满意度–Mood–心境–informationaboutfriendships–有关友谊的资料–personalitytraits–人格特质Thentheauthorscompared•Peoplewiththehighesthappinessscores–“veryhappy”and•Peoplewiththelowesthappinessscores–“unhappy”Results（结果）•Veryhappypeopledifferedfromunhappypeopleinanumberofways.•在许多方面，非常幸福的人不同于不幸福的人。Veryhappypeople•Hadstrongandsatisfyinginterpersonalrelationships•拥有牢固和满意的人际关系•Weremoreextravertedandmoreagreeable•更外向，更爽快•Neverreportedfeelingecstaticorexuberantlyhappy•从未报告说感觉到狂喜或者幸福非凡Unhappypeople•Reportedfewerclosefriends,fewerromanticrelationships,andweakerfamilyrelationships.•报告较少的亲密朋友，较少的浪漫关系，以及较弱的家庭关系•Reportedmorenegativeemotionsthanveryhappypeople.•与非常幸福的人相比，报告更多的负面情绪Question2•Howdohappypeopledealwithrejection,ornotgettingwhattheywant?•幸福的人如何处理拒绝呢？或者说，没有得到他们想要的东西时，他们怎样做的呢？LyubomirskyandRoss,1999TheDessertStudy•“甜点研究”•Participants（被试）:–Rated10desserts（评估10种甜点）–Learnedtheywouldreceiveadessert–得知他们会收到一种甜点–Ratedthede...
