第六章学科素养提升化学反应能量VIP专享VIP免费

学科素养提升化学反应能量2下页末页上页首页[知识体系构建]3下页末页上页首页4下页末页上页首页[重点知识排查]写出反应的方程式1．用惰性电极电解下列溶液(1)NaCl溶液阴极：______________________________________________________；阳极：_____________________________________________________；总反应式：_______________________________________________________。5下页末页上页首页(2)CuSO4溶液阴极：________________________________________________；阳极：___________________________________________________；总反应式：_________________________________________________。答案：(1)2H＋＋2e－===H2↑2Cl－－2e－===Cl2↑2NaCl＋2H2O=====电解2NaOH＋H2↑＋Cl2↑(2)2Cu2＋＋4e－===2Cu4OH－－4e－===2H2O＋O2↑2CuSO4＋2H2O=====电解2Cu＋2H2SO4＋O2↑6下页末页上页首页2．用铜做电极电解下列溶液(1)H2O阴极：________________________________________________________________；阳极：_____________________________________________________________；总反应式：_________________________________________________________。(2)H2SO4溶液阴极：_______________________________________________________；阳极：_____________________________________________________________；总反应式：________________________________________________________。7下页末页上页首页(3)NaOH溶液阴极：____________________________________________________________；阳极：__________________________________________________________；总反应式：___________________________________________________。答案：(1)2H＋＋2e－===H2↑Cu－2e－===Cu2＋Cu＋2H2O=====电解Cu(OH)2＋H2↑8下页末页上页首页(2)2H＋＋2e－===H2↑Cu－2e－===Cu2＋Cu＋H2SO4=====电解CuSO4＋H2↑(3)2H2O＋2e－===H2↑＋2OH－Cu－2e－＋2OH－===Cu(OH)2Cu＋2H2O=====电解Cu(OH)2＋H2↑9下页末页上页首页3．用Al做电极电解下列溶液(1)H2SO4溶液阴极：________________________________________________________；阳极：_____________________________________________________________；总反应式：2Al＋3H2SO4=====电解Al2(SO4)3＋3H2↑。(2)NaOH溶液阴极：________________________________________________________；阳极：______________________________________________________；总反应式：___________________________________________________。10下页末页上页首页答案：(1)6H＋＋6e－===3H2↑2Al－6e－===2Al3＋(2)6H2O＋6e－===3H2↑＋6OH－2Al－6e－＋8OH－===2AlO－2＋4H2O2Al＋2H2O＋2NaOH=====电解2NaAlO2＋3H2↑11下页末页上页首页4．铁镍电池(负极—Fe，正极—NiO2，电解液—KOH溶液)已知Fe＋NiO2＋2H2O放电充电Fe(OH)2＋Ni(OH)2，则：负极：_____________________________________________________；正极：________________________________________________________。阴极：________________________________________________________；阳极：____________________________________________________________。答案：Fe－2e－＋2OH－===Fe(OH)2NiO2＋2H2O＋2e－===Ni(OH)2＋2OH－Fe(OH)2＋2e－===Fe＋2OH－Ni(OH)2－2e－＋2OH－===NiO2＋2H2O12下页末页上页首页5．LiFePO4电池(正极—LiFePO4，负极—Li，含Li＋导电固体为电解质)已知FePO4＋Li放电充电LiFePO4，则负极：______________________________________________________；正极：___________________________________________________________。阴极：_____________________________________________________________；阳极：____________________________________________________________。13下页末页上页首页答案：Li－e－===Li＋FePO4＋Li＋＋e－===LiFePO4Li＋＋e－===LiLiFePO4－e－===FePO4＋Li＋14下页末页上页首页6．高铁电池(负极—Zn，正极—石墨，电解质为浸湿的固态碱性物质)已知：3Zn＋2K...