外研版英语必修4 Module3 Body Language and Non-verbal Communication--Background readings VIP免费

Module3BodyLanguageandNon-verbalCommunicationPartTwoTeachingResourcesSection1Backgroundreadings1.communicationCommunicationisthetransferofinformationfromonepersontoanother.Mostofusspendabout75percentofourwakinghourscommunicatingourknowledge,thoughts,andideastoothers.However,mostofusfailtorealizethatagreatdealofourcommunicationisofanon-verbalformasopposedtotheoralandwrittenforms.Non-verbalcommunicationincludesfacialexpressions,eyecontact,toneofvoice,bodypostureandmotions,andpositioningwithingroups.Itmayalsoincludethewaywewearourclothesorthesilencewekeep.Today,manyresearchersareconcernedwiththeinformationsentbycommunicationthatisindependentofanddifferentfromverbalinformation;namely,thenon-verbalcommunication.Verbalcommunicationisorganizedbylanguage;non-verbalcommunicationisnot.2.MuslimAMuslimisanadherentofIslam.Literally,thewordmeanssomeonewhohassubmitted/surrenderedhimselforherselftothewillofGod.MostMuslimsacceptasafellowMuslimanyonewhohassincerelypronouncedtheShahada,aritualdeclarationofsubmissiontoGodandassertionthatMuhammadisthelastprophet.MuslimsdescribemanyBiblicalfigures,suchasMusa(Moses)andIsa(Jesus),asMuslimsbecausetheysubmittedcompletelytoGod.3.BodylanguageandidiomBodylanguageisaverypowerfultoolofcommunication,notonlybetweenpeoplebutintheanimalworldaswell.Inmanyinstances,weproduceidiomswhichareallunderstandablebyborrowingexamplesfromanimalcommunication.Forexample,weknowthatafrightenedcatwillarch(拱起)itsbackhighinrigidcurve(拱形).Fromthisstarting-pointwemightheartheexpression,“Hegetsmybackup!”meaning“Hemakesmeangry.”Inthesamemanner,weknowthatmanyanimals,ifchallengedbyattackers,willnotturnandrunawaybecausethiswillencouragetheattackertoattackthemmoreforcefully,instead,theywillmovebackwardsslowlytogetoutofharm'sway,alwaysstillfacingtheirattacker．Wecallthisaction“backingoff(让步，退缩)”anditcanbeusedjustaswellwithhumansaswithanimals.Inthecaseofhumans,however,theback-offmaynotbephysicalbutoral,asinusingakindertoneofvoiceandgentlerwordsinsteadoffightingagainsttheattackers.（Justbackoffandletusdothisonourown,willyou?）用心爱心专心