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现在完成时现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTenseThePresentPerfectTense壹.壹.含义含义““已经做过…”已经做过…”表示过去开始，但持续到现在的动作，表示过去开始，但持续到现在的动作，或过去发生的动作，对现在留下后果或或过去发生的动作，对现在留下后果或影响。影响。二二..结构结构1.1.肯定肯定::have/hashave/has++p.p.(p.p.(过去分词过去分词))2.2.否定否定::have/hashave/has++notnot++p.p.(p.p.(过去分词过去分词))3.3.一般疑问一般疑问::Have/HasHave/Has提到句首提到句首Yes,…Yes,…have/hashave/has..No,…No,…haven't/hasn’thaven't/hasn’t..三三..标志词标志词already,yet,before(already,yet,before(以前以前),),ever,never,just(ever,never,just(刚刚刚刚),),for+for+时间段时间段((持续…持续…))since+since+时间点时间点((自从…自从…))sofar/uptonow(sofar/uptonow(到目前为止到目前为止))alreadyalready和和yetyet的区别的区别alreadyalready常用于常用于肯定句肯定句中或句末；中或句末；yetyet常用于常用于一般疑问句或否定句一般疑问句或否定句末。末。e.g.e.g.1.Tomhas1.Tomhasalreadyalreadyfinishedhiswork.finishedhiswork.2.Tomhasn’tfinishedhiswork2.Tomhasn’tfinishedhisworkyet.yet.forfor和和sincesince的运用的运用for“for“经历经历((时间段时间段)”since“)”since“自从…以自从…以来”来”forfor＋＋时间段时间段sincesince＋＋时间段时间段＋＋agoagosincesince＋＋时间点时间点sincesince＋＋从句从句1.Hehasstayedhere1.Hehasstayedherefor3hoursfor3hours..2.Hehasstayedhere2.Hehasstayedheresince3hoursagosince3hoursago..3.Hehasstayedhere3.Hehasstayedheresince3o’clocksince3o’clock..4.HehastaughtEnglish4.HehastaughtEnglishsincehecameheresincehecamehere..动词的过去分词形式动词的过去分词形式•1.规则动词•2.不规则动词finish--finished--finishedlive--lived--livedcarry--carried--carriedstop—stopped--stoppedEg.go—went—gonesee---saw—seenforget—forgot--forgotten区分短暂性动词与持续性动词.表示短暂性(瞬间性)的动词在现在完成时的句中不能和一段时间连用.即for,since短语或howlong问句（否定句除外）Ihavelivedhereforthreeyears.Ihavelivedheresince2012/threeyearsago.HehastaughtmesinceIcametotheschool.Ihavealreadypostedthephotostohim.Ihavejustlostmyhistorybook.常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变•第一类：动词be+adj.•diefinish•open/close•fallill/asleep•marrysb/getmarriedto•第二类：动词be+介词.•start/begin•leave•joinbedeadbeawayfrombein/beamemberofbeopen/closedbeonbeoverbeill/asleepbemarriedto•第三类：动词另一个动词•buy•borrow•become•puton•eg.MyteacherleftNanjing3daysago.MyteacherhasbeenawayfromNanjingfor3days/since3daysago.keephavebewear●但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。如：Ihaven’tboughtthebikeforayear.我买这辆自行车还不到一年。Shehasn’tcomehereforanhour.她来这儿还没有一个小时。上一页下一页主菜单Have/hasbeen与have/hasgone的用法比较Have/hasbeento意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。可与just,ever,never等连用，后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。Have/hasgoneto意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。Have/hasbeenin意思是“呆在某处一段时间了”Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗来上海已经有三天了。上一页下一页主菜单HassheeverbeentoNanjing?她曾去过南京吗？Youhaveneverbeenthere,haveyou?你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？IhavebeentoGuiling,Iwenttherelastyear.我去过桂林，我去年去的。ShehasgonetoNanjing.Theyhavebeentothatvillageseveraltimes.上一页下一页主菜单上一页主菜单动词填空：1._____you________(clean)theroom?Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.When_______you______(do)it?We_______(do)itanhourago.2.______he______(see)thisfilmyet?Yes.When_____he_____(see)it?He______itlastweek.3.Howmanytimes_____you______(be)there?HavecleanedhavedonediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen下一页上一页主菜单4.I__________(read)thenoveltwice.It’sinteresting.5.She_________(go)toPairs,hasn’tshe?Yes.How______she_______(go)there?She_______(go)therebyair.6.Sofar,manycountries_______________(develop)theirsoftwareprograms.7.MrChen______(give)upsmokinglastyear.8.MrChen__________(give)upsmokingsincelastyear.havereadhasgonedidgowenthavedevelopedgavehasgiven下一页上一页主菜单改错1.HowlonghaveyoubeguntostudyEnglish?2.Ihaveborrowedthisbookfortwoweeks.3.TheriverhasbecomeverydirtysincelastAugust.4.Ourmanagerisawaytoday.HehasbeentoGuangzhouonbusiness.5.Hehasgoneoutfortwoyears.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一页上一页主菜单