名词的数和格名词的数和格名词的数和格名词的数和格名词:用来表示人,事物或抽象概念的词.可数名词:如:cap,ruler,box,story,baby,bus不可数名词:如:water,paper,milk,food,tea,gas可数名词的复数形式:1.一般名词后加“s”.dogs2.以“s,x,ch,sh”结尾的名词后加“es”.Watches3.以“f”“fe”结尾的名词,将“f”“fe”变“ves”.knife-knives,leaf-leaves4.以辅音字母加“y”结尾的名词,去“y”变“i”加“es”.city-cities,party-parties,story-stories5.以辅音字母加“o”结尾的名词后加“es”.Heroes•名词复数的不规则变化1.内部元音发生变化foot-feetman-mentooth-teethwoman-womenmouse-mice2.词尾发生变化ox-oxenchild-children3.有个别名词单复数一样Deer-deerfish-fishsheep-sheepmeans-means方法works-works工厂4.表示某国人的单复数变化单复数同形Chinese-ChineseJapanese-Japanese词尾加-sGerman-GermansRussian-RussiansAmericansAustraliansIndians变man为menFrenchman-FrenchmenEnglishman-Englishmen不规则的名词复数:childchildrenfootfeettoothteethgoosegeeseOxoxenMousemicemanmenwomanwomenpolicemanpolicemengentlemangentlemenEnglishmanEnglishmenFrenchwomanFrenchwomensheepsheepfishfishdeerdeeraircraftaircraftJapaneseJapaneseChineseChinesepeoplepeople没有单数的名词:scissorstrousersclothsglassesGermanGermansAmericanAmericans记住:roof–roofs,chef–chefs,chief-chiefsExercises:1.把下面名词变为复数:citybrushleafsheepgooseGermanchildpotatotomatocitiesbrushesleavessheepgeesegermenchildrenpotatoestomatoes2.翻译下面的词组:1.两杯咖啡2.四快面包3.七袋大米4.八只鹿5.一滴油6.三个男孩twocupsofcoffeefourpiecesofbreadsevenbagsofriceeightdeeradropofoilthreeboys•复合名词的复数变化1.把复合词的主体变复数ason-in-lawsons-in-lawapasser-bypassers-by2.如没有主体名词，则在词尾加-sagrown-upgrown-ups成年人ago-betweengo-betweens中间人3.分开写者，通常在第二部分加复数词尾aboystudentboystudentsagirlfriendgirlfriends•第一部分为man,woman时，两部分都要变复数amanteacher/menteachersawomandoctor/womendoctors•不可数名词的数不可数名次一般没有单数形式，没有复数形式bread,information,clothing,food,homework,hair,water,paper表示种类或一定数量时，则可以有复数形式fish-fishes•一些物质名词和抽象名词变为复数后，其次一发生变化•wood木头-woods树木•sand沙子-sands沙滩•time时间-times次数•air空气-airs神气•good好处-goods商品•custom风俗习惯-customs海关•work工作-works工厂•quarter四分之一—quarters住所•arm胳膊-arms武器•cloth布-clothes衣服•名词的格三种形式1.由名词末尾加’s构成2.由介词of加名词构成3.双重结构1。表示有生命的名词，一般在词尾加’s表示所有关系boy’sfootball,Tom’suncle,thecat’sfood,myfather’sshoes2。表示无生命的名次所有格，一般用of短语表示awheelofthecar,thewindowofthehouse,thecoverofthebook,apictureoftheclassroom3.双重结构of+‘s结构of+名词性物主代词ateacherofmybrother’safriendofhersaphotoofTom’s(照片上不一定是汤姆本人）aphotoofTomsomeclassmatesofLucy’sTwocousinsofMrzhang’s
