一、主动语态改被动语态的方法1）将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面：①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be＋过去分词”结构；③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。2）含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位；②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或for。如：Hegavetheboyanapple．→Theboywasgivenanapple．（或Anapplewasgiventotheboy．）Herfatherboughtherapresent．→Shewasboughtapresentbyherfather．（或Apresentwasboughtforherbyherfather．）3）不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。1、make/letsomebodydosomething→somebody+be+made/lettodosomething例：Thebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork.→Thelittleboywasmadetodoheavyworkbytheboss.Theyletusgo.→wearelettogobythem.2、see/watchsomebodydosomething→somebody+be+seen/watchedtodosomething例：Agirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.→Mywallet1wasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.Theywatchedthechildrensingthatmorning．→Thechildrenwerewatchedtosingthatmorning．4）带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。如：WecallhimXiaoWang．→HeiscalledXiaoWang．Hecuthishairshort．→Hishairwascutshort．Theytoldhimtohelpme．→Hewastoldtohelpme．5）短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动语态时要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。如：Wemusttakegoodcareoftheyoungtrees．→Theyoungtreesmustbetakengoodcareof．6）含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面；也可采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know，say，believe，find，think，report等。如：Peoplebelievethatheisill．→Itisbelievedthatheisill．（或：Heisbelievedtobeill．）二、被动语态的时态结构：1.一般现在时的被动语态构成：is/am/are+及物动词的过去分词Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.Iamaskedtostudyhard.Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.2.一般过去时的被动语态构成：was/were+及物动词的过去分词Anewshopwasbuiltlastyear.2Dinosaureggswerelaidlonglongago.3.现在完成时的被动语态构成：has/have+been+及物动词的过去分词Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.Manyman-madesatelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries.4.一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+be+及物动词的过去分词Anewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcity.Manymoretreeswillbeplantednextyear.5.现在进行时的被动语态构成：am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词UncleWangismendingmybikenow.→MybikeisbeingrepairedbyTomnow.Theyareplantingtreesoverthere.→Treesarebeingplantedovertherebythem.6.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词Youngtreesmustbewateredoften.Yourmistakesshouldbecorrectedrightnow.Thedoormaybelockedinside.Yourhomeworkcanbehandedintomorrow.7.不定式的被动语态：to+be+及物动词的过去分词Therearetwobookstoberead.→3Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：1.不及物动词无被动语态。Whatwillhappenin100years.Thedinosaursdisappearedabout65millionyearsago.2.有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。Thispenwriteswell.Thisnewbooksellswell.3.一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。Wecan’tlaughathim.→Hecan’tbelaughedatbyus.Helistenstotheradioeveryday.→Theradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday.Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.→Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse.4
