第18讲《机械能和内能》复习课观音堂中学张九会观音堂中学张会琴AttributiveClauses请你思考：•你对定语从句了解多少？定语从句在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句在从句中起定语作用。定语从句概述定语从句的位置：通常放在它所修饰的名词或代词后。先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词又分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又是定语从句的一个成分。定语从句中使用什么关系词，通常取决于主句中的先行词和它在从句中充当的成分。请观察下列句子:初步认识先行词和定语从句1.Thisisthebestfilmthathasbeenshownatthiscinemathisyear.2.Themanwhowaspassingbysawwhathadhappened.3.Jimwaswearingahatwhichwastoobigforhim.4.EverythingthatIsaidwastrue.5.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIenteredthecollege.6.Thefox,whodidn’tliketea,said,“Justalittle,please.”关系代词的用法：在从句中作主语在从句中作宾语在从句中作定语先行词为人先行词为物whothatwhowhomthatwhosewhichthatwhichthatwhose关系副词的用法：当先行词表示时间，且关系副词在从句中作时间状语时当先行词表示地点，且关系副词在从句中作地点状语时当先行词表示原因，且关系副词在从句中作原因状语时whenwherewhy学习定语从句需要注意的几个问题：1.当先行词表示人时，应用关系代词that,who,whom或whose引导Doyouknowthemanisreadingthebookoverthere?Ourteacheristhepersonyoujusttalkedto?Ihaveagoodfriendfatherisalawyer.who/thatwho/whom/thatwhose2.当先行词表示物时，应用关系代词that、which或whose引导Thisisthehousewasboughtlastweek.Thelettershewroteisputonthedesk.Thisisthebookcoverisblue.3.当关系代词在从句中作宾语时时常省略Ilikedthepen(that/which)Iboughtyesterday.Thisistheman(whom/who)youwanttosee.That’sthegirl(who/whom/that)wetalkedaboutyesterday.that/whichthat/whichwhose4.先行词同时含有人和物时，先行词是不定代词，或先行词有形容词最高级、序数词、theonly、thesame、thevery、thelast或all、some、every、any、much、no等修饰时，关系代词要用that。关系词代词在定语从句中作宾语时同样可以省略。Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersons(that)wewereinterestedin.I’msurethere’snothing(that)amancan’tdo.Thisisthemostbeautifulflower(that)Ihaveeverseen.Thefirstthing(that)weshoulddoisthehavearest.Butthefoodwasn’ttheonlythingthatwasstrange.Thereismuchmeat(that)wecaneat.5.关系代词whom、which在从句中作介词的宾语时，可以把介词放在有关动词的后面，也可以把介词放在关系词的前面。ThisisthevillagewhichIhavelivedinfortenyears.=ThisisthevillageinwhichIhavelivedfortenyears.Thegirlwhom/whoyoutalkedtoisafamousstar.Thegirltowhomyoutalkedisafamousstar.ThevillageIwasbornwasverysmall.I’llneverforgetthetimeIworkedonthefarm.Ican’ttellyouthereasonsheiscrying.7.注意由关系副词where、when、why引导的定语从句wherewhenwhy.同义句：ThisisthevillagewhereIhavelivedfortenyears.=Thisisthevillagewhich/thatIhavelivedinfortenyears.=ThisisthevillageinwhichIhavelivedfortenyears.8.有时我们要用“火眼金睛”去识别一些迷惑人的现象：关系词：Imetaforeignerintheparkyesterday_______couldspeakChineseverywell.Mr.Green,thereisaboyatthefrontdesk___________wouldliketospeakwithyou.who/thatwho/that用适当的关系词填空：1.Theboy_______wesawyesterdayisTom2.Theplace________theyvisitedisveryfamous.3.Thenurse_______istakingtheoldman’stemperatureismyaunt.4.HowcanIgettothebookshop_______hasalotofhistorybooks?5.Thegirl________hatisredissopretty.who/whom/that/不填which/that/不填who/thatwhich/thatwhose用适当的关系词填空：6.That’sthegirl______wetalkedaboutyesterday.7.Themanwith__wehadatalkjustnowisn’tinthegym.8.Azooisaparkin______manykinksofanimalsarekeptforexhibition.9.Titanicistheonlyfilm_______Ihaveseentwice.10.Everything______Isaidwastrue.11.Thisisthestrongestanimal_____I’veeverseen.that/不填who/whom/that/不填whomwhichthat/不填that/不填你会译吗？•1.Thegirlwhom/whoyoutalkedtoisafamousfilmstar.•2.Isthisthekeywhichyouarelookingfor?•3.ThisisthevillageinwhichIhavelivedfortenyears.•4.Thegirl___________________(八岁的)isJim’ssister•5.Lucyisthegirl____________________(通过数学考试的)•6.Thisisthemachine_____________________(由王先生发明的）who/thatiseightyearsoldwho/thatpassedthemathexamthat/whichwasinventedbyMrwang
