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ExaminationoftheEye(眼科检查法)杨霞霞1、History-taking(病史采集)：2、Theexaminationofvisualfunction(视功能检查)：3、Examinationoftheglobeanditsaccessoryorgans(眼球及眼附属器检查)：History-taking(病史采集)：Subjectiveabnormalfeelings(主观异常感觉)：Foreignbodysensation(异物感)Visualfielddefect(视野缩小)Suddenvisualimpairment(视力降低)Theamountofsecretion(分泌物量增多)Photophobia(畏光)Swelling（肿胀）Metamorphopsia(视物变形症)Flickersensation（闪光感）Theexaminationofvisualfunction(视功能检查)Opticpsycophysics(视觉心理物理学检查)Optic-electro-physiology(视觉电生理检查)Visualacuity(视力，即视锐度)Darkadaption（暗适应）Coloursensation(色觉)Visualfield(视野)Contrastsensitivity(对比敏感度)Visualelectro-physiology(视觉电生理)一、Visualacuity(视力，即视锐度)Thevisionindicatesvisualacuitydividedintofar,nearvision,thelatternormallymeansreadingone.1、theexaminationoffarvision:Naked/correctedvision:裸眼、矫正视力Pinholeglass:孔镜Sphericalaberration:球面像差Fingercount:指数Handmovement:手动Lightperception:光感Light-seeking:光定位2、theexaminationofnearvision:Standardreadingchart:Jaeger’stestchart:Myopia:近视Presbyopia:老视3、thetheoryofvisualacuity:Theresolvingpower:分辨力Visualangle:视角Theexaminationoffarvisionneedsabundantlightorartificialillumination,theexaminedisatadistanceof5mfromthechart,lettheline1.0beatthesameheightofexaminedeye.二、Darkadaption（暗适应）：Thresholdoflightirritation:光刺激阈Darkadaptationcurve:暗适应曲线Cone:视锥细胞Rod:视杆细胞Contrastmethod:对比法Darkadaptometer:暗适应计Retinalpigmenteddegeneration:视网膜色素变性三、Coloursensation(色觉)：四、Visualfield(视野)五、Contrastsensitivity(对比敏感度)六、Visualelectro-physiology(视觉电生理)Electrooculogram,EOG:眼电图Electroretinogram,ERG:视网膜电图Visualevokedpotential,VEP:视觉诱发电图Electrooculogram,EOG:眼电图Retinalpigmentedepithelium:视网膜色素上皮Photoreceptorcells:光感受器细胞Theretinalstaticpotential:视网膜静息电位Electroretinogram,ERG:视网膜电图Theretinalactivepotential:视网膜动作电位Includinga,b,cwavesandoscillatingpotentials:震荡电位a:photoreceptorcells光感受器细胞b:bipolarcells双极细胞c:pigmentedepithelium色素上皮细胞Examinationoftheglobeanditsaccessoryorgans(眼球及眼附属器检查)：Examinationofaccessoryorgansoftheeye:眼附属器检查Examinationofanteriorsegmentoftheeye:眼球前段检查Examinationwithslit-lampmicroscope:裂隙灯显微镜检查Gonioscope:前房角镜检查Tonometry:眼压测量Examinationofthefundus:眼底检查一、Examinationofaccessoryorgansoftheeye:眼附属器检查1、eyelids:眼睑ecchymoma:[,eki'məumə]淤血emphysema:[,emfɪ'siːmə]气肿scar/induration:瘢痕或残留物entropionorectropionatpalpebralmargin：睑内翻/睑外翻eyelash:睫毛trichiasis:[,trɪkɪ'eɪsɪs;trɪ'kaɪəsɪs]倒睫aberrantlash:乱睫2、lacrimalapparatus:泪道lacrimalpuncta:泪点eversion:外翻occlusion:阻塞lacrimalsac:泪囊tenderness:压痛fistula:瘘管Schirmer’stest:isperformedwith5x35mmfilterpaper,oneendisbentatthesiteof5mmandinsertedintotheconjunctivalsacattheinnerpartof1/3ofthelowereyelid,therestofthefilterpaperishangedontheskinsurfaceofthelowereyelidwithbotheyesclosedgently;after5minutestomeasurethelengthoffilterpapergotwetbytears,normallyismorethan15mmonaverage,lessthan5mmisregardedasabnormal.lacrimalgland:泪腺tearsecretion:泪液分泌s...