1被动语态(一)语态:英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如:ManypeoplespeakChinese.谓语:speak的动作是由主语manypeople来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。例如:Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.主语English是动词speak的承受者。(二)被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时:am/is/are+spoken一般过去时:was/were+spoken一般将来时:will/shallbe+spoken现在进行时:am/is/arebeing+spoken过去进行时:was/werebeing+spoken现在完成时:have/hasbeen+spoken过去完成时:hadbeen+spoken(三)被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如:Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道是谁偷的)Thisbridgewasfoundedin1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。例如:TheglasswasbrokenbyMike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.这本书是他写的。Yourhomeworkmustbefinishedontime.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。(四)主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如:Allthepeoplelaughedathim.→Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.→Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.Hecutdownatree.→Atreewascutdownbyhim.(五)含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.→Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Theyshoulddoitatonce.→Itshouldbedoneatonce.2(六)特殊情况1.Hemadetheboyworkfortwohoursyesterday.→Theboywasmadetoworkbyhimfortwohoursyesterday.2.MotherneverletsmewatchTV.→IamneverlettowatchTVbymother.3.JackgavePeteraChristmaspresentjustnow.→(1)AChristmaspresentwasgiventoPeterbyJackjustnow.→(2)PeterwasgivenaChristmaspresentbyJackjustnow.常见的句型结构:Itis(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought......)that......大家同意(相信、决定、希望、认为)......Itis(was)wellknownthat......众所周知Itis(was)takenforgrantedthat......被视为当然Itmustberememberedthat......务必记住......Itmustn’tbeforgottenthat......千万别忘记......Itis(was)said(reported,heard,told,suggested)that......据说(报道、听说、告知、建议......)二、典型例题()1.TheOlympicGames___________everyfouryears.AareheldBwereheldC.areholdingD.willho1d()2.Intheartshow,alotofenjoyment__toforeignfriendsbytheChinesepaintings.A.isgivingBisgivenCwillgiveDhasgiven()3.TodayChineseisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.It_________in.manyschoolsaroundtheworld.A.teachesB.isteachingC.hastaughtD.istaught()4.BaJin,oneofthegreatestwritersinChina,________as"People'sWriter".A.isregardedB.hasregardedC.isregardingD.regards()5.Usuallycomputers_________tosearchtheInternet.A.useB.areusingC.areusedD.used()6.--Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?--Yes.Ourclassroom__________everyday.A.cleanB.cleansC.iscleaned()7.一DidyouhearthatwaterinTaiLakesmeltterrible?一Yes.Infact,it____.That'sallbecauseofthepeopleandthefactoriesaround.A.pollutedBwaspollutedChaspollutedD.waspo11ute()8.--Ourenvironmentisgettingworsethanbefore.--You'reright.ButthankstoEarthDay_______,peoplehavedonemoreandmoreusefult...