一.定语从句的基本定义放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的词叫先行词。TheboywhoisreadingisTom.先行词关系代词Hospitalisaplacewhereadoctorworks.先行词关系副词二.关系词的分类1.关系代词2.关系副词关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：when,where,why三.关系代词的基本用法和注意点1.关系代词的基本用法关系代词指代的先行词充当从句的成分who人主语、宾语（表语）whom人宾语（表语）which物主语、宾语（表语）that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语1.Thegirl_______isstandingnexttoourteachernexttoourteacherisherdaughter.isherdaughter.2.Thegirl__________ourteacheristalkingwith2.Thegirl__________ourteacheristalkingwithisafamoussinger.isafamoussinger.3.Thegirl________motherisateachercanspeak3.Thegirl________motherisateachercanspeakEnglishEnglishverywell.verywell.4.Ican’tfindthebook________isborrowedfrom4.Ican’tfindthebook________isborrowedfromthelibrary.thelibrary.5.Ican’tfindthebook_______________5.Ican’tfindthebook_______________youlenttome.youlenttome.who/that(who/whom/that)(who/whom/that)whoswhoseewhich/thatwhich/that(that/which)(that/which)巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空2.关系代词的用法注意点(1)that和which都可以指物，但以下5种情况只能用that不能用which。①当先行词中有人又有物时。如：Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?②当先行词为不定代词all,one,few,little,no,some,any,everything,nothing,nobody,none等时。如：ThisisallthatIwantfromtheschool.③当先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame等修饰时。如：ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingforthesedays.④当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：TheTVtoweristhehighestbuildingthathasbeenbuiltinthiscity.⑤当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.(2)that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who。①先行词为all,anyone,one,ones等时。如：Allwhoheardthenewswereexcited.②先行词为those,he和people时。如：Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点1.whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。2.whose的先行词指物时，可用ofwhich代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich，或=ofwhich+the+名词。如：Thenovelwhosetitle(=thetitleofwhich或ofwhichthetitle)isRedandBlackisveryinteresting.3.whose的先行词指人时，可用ofwhom代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhom，或=ofwhom+the+名词。如：Theboywhosemother(=themotherofwhom或ofwhomthemother)isadoctorismyfriend.(4)关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如：Thosewhoareagainsttheplanputupyourhands.Tomisoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedbytheteacheryesterday.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraisedbytheteacheryesterday.四.介词+which/whom引导的定语从句1.介词的选用原则：(1)根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。ThisisthebookonwhichIspent8dollars.ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid8dollars.(2)根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。IrememberthedayonwhichIjoinedtheParty.Irememberthedaysin/duringwhichIlivedthere.2.当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用whom(指人)或which(指物)，且关系代词不能省略。Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbor.Ican’tfindthepenwithwhichIwaswriting.3.当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用which/that(指物),who/whom/that(指人)作从句中介词的宾语.而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。(whom/who/that)(which/that)Dadisaperson________________Icaneasilytalkto.Isth...
