新释药系统研究进展--张强(北京大学药学院)北京2011.07.15VIP免费

1新释药系统研究进展新释药系统研究进展AdvancesindAdvancesindrugdeliverysystemsrugdeliverysystems张强张强北京大学药学院北京大学药学院Topicalepicutaneous(applicationontotheskin),e.g.allergytesting,typicallocalanesthesiainhalational,e.g.asthmamedicationsenema,e.g.contrastmediaforimagingoftheboweleyedrops(ontotheconjunctiva),e.g.antibioticsforconjunctivitiseardrops-suchasantibioticsandcorticosteroidsforotitisexternaintranasalroute(intothenose),e.g.decongestantnasalsprays.Nasaladministrationcanalsobeusedforsystemiceffect.vaginal,e.g.topicalestrogens,antibacterialsEnteralEnteralisanyformofadministrationthatinvolvesanypartofthegastrointestinaltract:bymouth(orally),manydrugsastablets,capsules,ordropsbygastricfeedingtube,duodenalfeedingtube,orgastrostomy,manydrugsandenteralnutritionrectally,variousdrugsinsuppositoryorenemaformParenteralbyinjectionorinfusionintravenous(intoavein),e.g.manydrugs,totalparenteralnutritionintraarterial(intoanartery),e.g.vasodilatordrugsinthetreatmentofvasospasmandthrombolyticdrugsfortreatmentofembolismintramuscular(intoamuscle),e.g.manyvaccines,antibiotics,andlong-termpsychoactiveagentsintracardiac(intotheheart),e.g.adrenalineduringcardiopulmonaryresuscitation(nolongercommonlyperformed)subcutaneous(undertheskin),e.g.insulinintraosseousinfusion(intothebonemarrow)is,ineffect,anindirectintravenousaccessbecausethebonemarrowdrainsdirectlyintothevenoussystem.Thisrouteisoccasionallyusedfordrugsandfluidsinemergencymedicineandpaediatricswhenintravenousaccessisdifficult.intradermal,(intotheskinitself)isusedforsomeallergens,andalsofortattoosintrathecal(intothespinalcanal)ismostcommonlyusedforspinalanesthesiaandchemotherapyintraperitoneal,(infusionorinjectionintotheperitoneum)e.g.peritonealdialysisIntravesicalinfusionisinfusionintotheurinarybladder.Otherparenteraltransdermal(diffusionthroughtheintactskin),e.g.transdermalfentanylpatchesinpaintherapy,nicotinepatchesfortreatmentofaddictiontransmucosal(diffusionthroughamucousmembrane),e.g.insufflation(snorting)ofcocaine,sublingual,i.e.underthetongue,nitroglycerine,buccal(absorbedthroughcheekneargumline),vaginalsuppositoriesinhalational,e.g.inhalationalanestheticsOtherepidural(synonym:peridural)(injectionorinfusionintotheepiduralspace),e.g.epiduralanesthesiaintravitrealRuteofadministration3肿瘤化疗:科学问题与解决方案Whydrugdelivery?传统制剂给药后：药物全身分布，毒性增加，药效下降4新释药系统研究进展新释药系统1口服速释制剂2口服缓控释制剂3吸入剂4注射剂5透皮给药系统6大分子药物给药系统7载体给药系统8增加吸收制剂9前体药5口服速释制剂口服速释制剂速溶片速溶片口溶片口溶片速崩片速崩片口崩片口崩片快速液化咀嚼片快速液化咀嚼片分散片分散片入口即溶入口即溶//崩，服用方便（老崩，服用方便（老人、病人、儿童）人、病人、儿童）吸收快，起效快，适于急救吸收快，起效快，适于急救生物利用度高生物利用度高部分药物可通过粘膜吸收，避部分药物可通过粘膜吸收，避免首过作用免首过作用注意：味觉注意：味觉6主要技术主要技术冷冻干燥技术（Zydis）闪释技术/微粒载体技术（FlashDose）预处理技术（OraSolv）分散片技术其它技术（不同压片、制粒、干燥技术）主要辅料主要辅料水溶性稀释剂、溶胀性纤维素、高效崩解剂、复合崩解剂等；常用辅料：MCC，甘露醇、山梨醇、赤藓醇、乳糖、交联羧甲基纤维素纳、交联PVP等口服速释制剂口服速释制剂7重要提示重要提示我们缺少自己的专有技术我们缺少自己的专有技术我...