物理学史上最美的十个实验第七名Eratosthenes'measurementoftheEarth'scircumference埃拉托色尼测量地球圆周长AtnoononthesummersolsticeintheEgyptiantownnowcalledAswan,thesunhoversstraightoverhead:objectscastnoshadowandsunlightfallsdirectlydownadeepwell
Whenhereadthisfact,Eratosthenes,thelibrarianatAlexandriainthethirdcenturyB
,realizedhehadtheinformationheneededtoestimatethecircumferenceoftheplanet
Onthesamedayandtime,hemeasuredshadowsinAlexandria,findingthatthesolarraystherehadabitofaslant,deviatingfromtheverticalbyaboutsevendegrees
Therestwasjustgeometry
Assumingtheearthisspherical,itscircumferencespans360degrees
Soifthetwocitiesaresevendegreesapart,thatwouldconstituteseven-360thsofthefullcircle—aboutone-fiftieth
Estimatingfromtraveltimethatthetownswere5,000"stadia"apart,Eratosthenesconcludedthattheearthmustbe50timesth