物理学史上最美的十个实验第五名VIP免费

物理学史上最美的十个实验第五名Young'slight-interferenceexperiment杨氏光的干涉实验Newtonwasn'talwaysright.Throughvariousarguments,hehadmovedthescientificmainstreamtowardtheconvictionthatlightconsistsexclusivelyofparticlesratherthanwaves.In1803,ThomasYoung,anEnglishphysicianandphysicist,puttheideatoatest.Hecutaholeinawindowshutter,covereditwithathickpieceofpaperpuncturedwithatinypinholeandusedamirrortodivertthethinbeamthatcameshiningthrough.Thenhetook"aslipofacard,aboutone-thirtiethofaninchinbreadth"andhelditedgewiseinthepathofthebeam,dividingitintwo.Theresultwasashadowofalternatinglightanddarkbands—aphenomenonthatcouldbeexplainedifthetwobeamswereinteractinglikewaves.Theseso-calleddouble-slitexperimentsbecamethestandardfordeterminingwavelikemotion—afactthatwastobecomeespeciallyimportantacenturylaterwhenquantumtheorybegan.牛顿也不是永远正确。在多次争吵后，牛顿让科学界接受了这样的观点：光是由微粒组成的，而不是一种波1830年，英国医生、物理学家托马斯·杨用实验来验证这一观点。他在百叶窗上开了一个小洞，然后用厚纸片盖住，再在纸片上戳一个很小的洞。让光线透过，并用一面镜子反射透过的光线。然后他用一个厚约1／30英寸的纸片把这束光从中间分成两束。结果看到了相交的光线和阴影。这说明两束光线可以像波一样相互干涉。这个实验为一个世纪后量子学说的创立起到了至关重要的作用。