实用文案标准文档Contentsofthispageinclude:MaslowHertzbergEltonMayoHandyMcgregortheoryXandYOuchitheoryZLeanandmassproductionMaslow’shierarchyofneeds:Maslowshowedhowanindividual’semphasisonneedsmovedfrombasictothehigherneeds.Theneedsatthebottommustbesatisfiedtomoveatthehigherones.Needsdonothavetobecompletelysatisfiedbeforehigherneedsemerge,asufficientlevelofsatisfactionisacceptableasopposedtothemaximumoroptimumlevel.Maslow’stheorymaybesummarizedandsimplifiedbysayingthateveryonewantscertainthingsthroughoutlife,andthesethingscanbeplacedinfiveascendingcategoriesnamely:实用文案标准文档Basicorphysiologicalneeds:thethingsneededtostayalive:food,shelterandclothing.Suchneedscanbesatisfiedbymoney.Safetyorsecurityneeds:peoplewantprotectionagainst,unemployment,retirementaswellasbeingsafeguardedagainstunfairtreatment.Theseneedscanbesatisfiedbytherulesofemploymenti.epensionscheme,sickfund,employmentlegislation.Socialneeds:thevastmajorityofpeoplewanttobepartofagroupanditisonlythroughgroupactivitythatthisneedcanbesatisfied.Thusitisuptotheorganizationtomaketheemployeefeelpartofagroup.EgoorEsteemneeds:e.g.canincludeemployeebeingaskedtoleadagroupinaproject.Thisenablestheemployeetothinkwellofhimselfandinhisabilities.Thiscanbesatisfiedifthesayorsuggestionoftheemployeeistakenintoaccountand/orheisaskedtoleadorbepartofanimportanttask.Self-actualizationorself-fulfillmentneeds:thisisquitetheneedtoachievesomethingworthwhileinlife.Itisaneedthatissatisfiedonlybycontinuingsuccess,forexampleopeningandrunninganewoffice.EVALUATIONOFMASLOW:Thesignificanceofmaslow’shierarchyofneedsisthatifunderlinestherelativeimportanceofmoney.Statusgiveslittlesatisfactiontoapersondesperateforfoodandshelter.Ontheotherhanditdemonstratesthatmoneyaloneisnotenough,andindeedasbasicneedsaresatisfiedpeopleare实用文案标准文档likelytoconcentratetheirattentionsonsocialandegoneeds.Herzberg’stheoryofmotivation:Herzbergattemptedtofindoutwhatmotivatedpeopleatwork.Hedevelopedthetwo-factortheorythatwasbasedontheideathatmotivationisbasedontwoneeds,namelyhygienefactorsandmotivationalfactors.Hygienefactors:arethosethathavetodowithnon-jobrelatedfeaturessuchastheworkingenvironment.Motivationalfactors:arethoseconcernedwithaneedforpersonaldevelopment.Hygienefactors:factorsthatneedtobemettopreventdissatisfaction.Willnotmotivateinthemselves,theyareconcernedwithextrinsicfactorsassociatedwiththejobitselfbutarenotdirectlyapartofit.Theimportantfacttorememberisthatattentiontothesehygienefactorspreventsdissatisfactionbutdoesnotnecessarilyprovidepositivemotivation.PayCAUSESHYGIENEMOTIVATION实用文案标准文档ConditionsCompanypolicyRelationshipswithhigherlevels,suchasmanagementTreatmentatworkInabilitytodevelopFeelingsofinadequacyMotivators:factorswhichmotivate:themainmotivationfactorarenotintheenvironmentbutintheintrinsicvalueandsatisfactiongainedfromthejobitself.Motivationfactorsinclude:SenseofachievementChanceofpromotionChanceofimprovementRecognitionofeffortResponsibilityNatureofjobitselfEltonMayo(HawthorneStudies)Mayo’smostimportantcontributionwastoidentifythebasisofworksatisfactionasnon-economicandtoconnectitmorewiththeinteresttakenintheworker’sperformancethanwiththefinancialreward.Okayhere’swhathappenedinplainsimplewords:Atestwasconductedon6womenwhichlastedforfiveyearsThetestwasconductedsoastoobservetheeffectonoutputandmoraleofvariouschangesinwo...
