试题习题、尽在百度仔细审题、认真作答专题限时集训二十三任务型阅读(Ⅱ)(对应学生用书第161页)A(2017·南京、盐城高三二模)“HELLisacitymuchlikeLondon，”saidPercyByssheShelleyin1819.Modernacademicsagree.LastyearDutchresearchersshowedthatcitydwellers(居民)havea21%higherriskofsufferingfromanxietydisordersthandotheircalmerruralcountrymen，anda39%higherriskofsufferingfrommooddisorders.Butexactlyhowtheinnerworkingsoftheurbanandruralmindscausethisdifferencehasremainedunclear—untilnow.AstudyjustpublishedinNaturebyAndreasMeyerLindenbergoftheUniversityofHeidelbergandhiscolleagueshasusedascanningtechniquecalledfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging(功能性磁共振成像，简称fMRI)toexaminethebrainsofcitydwellersandcountrymenwhentheyareunderstress.InDrMeyerLindenberg'sfirstexperiment，participantslyingwiththeirheadsinascannertookmathsteststhattheywereboundtofail(theresearchershaddesignedsuccessratestobejust25%－40%)．Tomaketheexperiencestillmoreembarrassing，theteamprovidednegativefeedbackthroughheadphones，allthewhilecheckingparticipantsforindicationsofstress，suchashighbloodpressure.Thecitypeople'sgeneralmentalhealthdidnotdifferfromthatoftheruralcountrymen.However，theirbrainsdealtwiththestresscausedbytheexperimentersindifferentways.Thesedifferenceswerenoticeableintworegions：theamygdalas(杏仁核)andtheperigenualanteriorcingulatecortex(前扣带皮层，简称PACC)．Peoplelivinginthecountrysidehadthelowestlevelsofactivityintheiramygdalas.Thoselivingintownshadhigherlevels.Citydwellershadthehighest.InthecaseofthePACC，however，whatmatteredwasnotwheresomeonewaslivingnow，butwhereheorshewasbroughtup.Themoreurbanaperson'schildhood，themoreactivehisPACC，regardlessofwherehewasdwellingatthetimeoftheexperiment.Theamygdalasthusseemtorespondtothehere-and-nowwhilethePACCisprogrammedearlyon，anddoesnotreactinthesame，flexiblewayasthe试题习题、尽在百度仔细审题、认真作答amygdalas.Second-to-secondchangesinitsactivitymight，though，beexpectedtobeconnectedwithchangesintheamygdalas，becauseofitsroleinregulatingthem.fMRIallowssuchconnectionstobemeasured.Inthecasesofthosebroughtupinthecountryside，regardlessofwheretheynowlive，theconnectionswereasexpected.Forthosebroughtupincities，however，theseconnectionsbrokedown.Theregulatorymechanismofthenativeurbanite，inotherwords，seemstobeoutoforder.DrMeyerLindenbergandhisteamconductedseveralmoreexperimentstochecktheirfindings.Theyaskedparticipantstocompletemoremathstests—andalsotestsinwhichtheyhadmentallyupsanddowns—whileinvestigatorsscoldedthemabouttheirperformance.Theresultsmatchedthoseofthefirsttest.Theyalsostudiedanothergroupofvolunteers，whoweregivenstress-freetaskstocomplete.TheseexperimentsshowednoactivityineithertheamygdalasorthePACC，suggestingthattheearlierresultswereindeedtheresultofsocialstressratherthanmentaleffort.Asisusuallythecaseinstudiesofthissort，thesamplesizewassmallandtheresultshowedanassociation，ratherthanadefinite，causalrelationship.Thatassociationis，nevertheless，interesting.Livingincitiesbringsmanybenefits，butDrMeyerLindenberg'sworksuggeststhatShelleyandhisfellowRomanticshadatleasthalfapoint.Title：Dourbanbrainsbehavedifferentlyfromruralones?PurposeoftheresearchTheresearchwasconductedtoexplainwhycitydwellersaremorelikelyto1.________seriousdisordersthancountrymen.试题习题、尽在百度仔细审题、认真作答ProcessoftheresearchDesignoftheresearch●Theresea...
