GrammarPassiveVoice被动语态Tombrokethewindow.（主动语态）①②③ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.（被动语态）③②①英语的谓语动词有两种主动语态（ActiveVoice)被动语态(PassiveVoice)（前者表示句子的主语为动作的发出者，后者表示句子的主语为动作的承受者。）从以上对比可以看出，主动句中的主语Tom在被动句中变成了短语byTom，主动句中的宾语thewindow变成了被动句中的主语。由于被动句中的主语即主动句中的宾语，因此，只有及物动词才有被动语态只有及物动词才有被动语态。主动句转换为被动句，主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，而主动句的主语则变为由“by+动作的发出者”在被动句中做状语。种语态被动语态基本构成：be+动词的过去分词被动语态的构成1.一般现在时am/is/are+动词的过去分词TheTVsetismendedbyTom.2.一般过去时was/were+动词的过去分词TheTVsetwasmendedbyTom.3.一般将来时shall/willbe+动词的过去分词TheTVsetwill/shallbemendedbyTom.4.一般过去将来时should/wouldbe+动词的过去分词HesaidtheTVsetshould/wouldbemendedbyTom.5.现在进行时am/is/arebeing+动词的过去分词TheTVsetisbeingmendedbyTom.6.过去进行时was/werebeing+动词的过去分词TheTVsetwasbeingmendedbyTom.7.现在完成时have/hasbeen+动词的过去分词TheTVsethasbeenmendedbyTom.8.过去完成时hadbeen+动词的过去分词TheTVsethadbeenmendedbyTom.9.情态动词：情态动词+be+动词的过去分词TheTVsetcanbemendedbyTom.总结时间一般进行完成现在is/aremended被修is/arebeingmended正在被修have/hasbeenmended已经被修过过去was/weremended（过去）被修was/werebeingmended（过去）正被修hadbeenmended（过去）已被修过将来shall/willbemended将要被修过去将来should/wouldbemended（过去）将要被修11．被动语态的各种时态均由助动词．被动语态的各种时态均由助动词bebe的的变化构成。变化构成。22．人称和时态的变化体现在．人称和时态的变化体现在bebe动词上，动词上，而过去分词在任何时态中都不改变。而过去分词在任何时态中都不改变。3.3.被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由助动词被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由助动词或第一个助动词构成。或第一个助动词构成。buildnewflyoverseveryyearNewflyoversarebuilteveryyear.Describethepictures,usingpassivevoice.buildcastle18thcenturyThecastlewasbuiltinthe18thcentury.TheWorldExpowillbeheldinShanghaiintheyear2010.Hesaidthattheantisepticmasksshouldhavebeenwornduringthesedays.He,antisepticmask,thesedaysThepictureisbeingpaintedbythelittlegirl.paintpictureThemousewasbeingchasedbythecatwhenIcameinyesterday.chaseyesterdayIcomeinThepicturehasbeendrawnbythelittlegirl.Sally,say,buy,weddingring,weddingSallysaidtheweddingringhadbeenboughtbeforethewedding.a)不知道或没必要知道动作的执行者。Thebookwasfirstpublishedinthelate1990s.b)不便说出动作的执行者。Theplanwasgenerallyconsideredimpractical.c)突出动作的承受者。Sheisrespectedbyalltheworkersofthefactory.d)汉语中的无主句，在英语中用被动语态。Smokingisnotallowedinpublicplaces.e)为了保持主语的一贯性。Theoldprofessorwheeledhimselfintotheclassroomandwaswarmlyapplaudedbythestudents.何时用被动语态？4）有些短语不用被动语态doone’sbest,makeaface,makeroom(腾位子），makeupone’smind,belongto不用被动语态的情况1）不及物动词不用被动语态；注意：happen,breakout,takeplaceThestorywashappenedin1934.（×）2）表状态的动词不用被动语态；have,lack,fit…Ihaveanewbike.3）连系动词不用被动语态；Thestoryissoundedtrue.（×）特殊情况1）感官动词(taste;feel;smell;sound;look)用主动形式表示被动。Howsweetthemusicsounds!Goodmedicinetastesbittertothemouth.2）write、read、sell、keep、prove、weigh、number、drink、wear、pay、wash、open常用主动形式表被动意义。尤其是有副词well,easily时。Thebooksellswell.(这本书销路很好。)Thedoor...
