分词作状语分词的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语保持一致！！Whenhelookedoutofthewindow,hefoundthatalotofpeoplehadgatheredonthestreet.Lookingoutofthewindow,hefoundthatalotofpeoplehadgatheredonthestreet.BecauseIhavenoticket,Ican’tseeafilm.Havingnoticket,Ican’tseeafilm.Ifyoudrivetoofast,youwilldamagethecar.Drivingtoofast,youwilldamagethecar.将状语从句改为分词作状语分三步：1.去掉连词;2.去掉主语；3.将从句中谓语动词改为分词形式（从句为主动语态时，用现在分词；从句为被动语态时，用过去分词）。WehavemetwithsuccessbecauseweareledbyourParty.LedbyourParty,wehavemetwithsuccess.Havingfinishedhistermpaper,itwasdeliveredABCtoProfessorSmithbeforeclasses.DChedeliveredit独立结构主语+分词短语+主谓结构(A,C中的主语不同）AC独立结构和分词短语一样可以用作状语表时间、原因、条件等。Allthemoneyhavingbeenspent,westartedlookingforwork.(=Afterallthemoneyhadbeenspent,……)Nobodyhavinganymoretosay,themeetingwasclosed.(=Sincenobodyhadanymoretosay,……)Everything(being)takenintoconsideration,herplanseemsmorepracticable.(=Ifeverythingistakenintoconsideration,……)状语从句变成独立结构时通常有两个步骤：（1）去掉连词；（2）状语从句中的动词变为现在分词。为了简练起见，独立结构中的being或havingbeen往往被省略。介词引出的独立结构：with引出的独立结构通常表示伴随情况或补充说明,有时也具有时间、条件、原因等含义。with+宾语+现在分词:表正在发生或进行的主动意义with+宾语+过去分词：表已完成的被动意义Ican’tconcentrateuponmyworkwiththechildrenplayingsonoisilyoutsidemywindow.孩子们在窗外闹得很厉害，我无法集中精力工作。Withthefirstpointagreedon,weturnedournegotiationtoanother.第一点取得一致意见后，我们的谈判便转至另一点。WithJohnworkinginNewYorkandLucytravelingmostoftheweek,thehouseseemsempty.Theysatintheroomwiththecurtaindrawn.分词作状语和独立结构的练习1.(write)inhaste,thecompositionisfullofmistakes.2.(be)shortofmoney,theyhadtospendthenightinasmallhotel.3.Allthings(consider),hehasdonehisbest.4.Thestudents(do)alltheexercises,theteacherwenttoexplainthetext.WrittenBeingconsideredhavingdone5.Theweather(be)soterrible,wehadtospendthedayathomewatchingTV.6.(graduate)fromthecollege,hewenttoavillageandworkedasateacherthere.7.Wecouldn’thelpthem,(be)sopoorourselves.8.Herushedoff,even(forget)totakehisovercoat.beingHavinggraduatedbeingforgetting9.Weather(permit),thespaceshipwillbelaunchedtomorrow.10.Thelastbus(go),wehadtowalkhome.11.(give)moretime,Icouldperformmydutymoresatisfactorily.12.(judge)fromlastyear’sexperience,thecoachknowsheshouldnotexpecttoomuchofhisteam.permittinghavinggoneGivenJudging13.Istayedupallnighttofindanewsolutiontotheproblem.A.tryingB.havetriedC.tryD.tried14.withthedevelopedcountries,someAfricancountriesareleftfarbehindintermsofpeople’slivingstandard.A.CompareB.TocompareC.ComparedD.ComparingAC15.,theSmithswentoutforaswiminthelake.A.ItwashotB.ThedaywashotC.ItishotD.Thedaybeinghot16.foralongtime,theflowerisalmostdying.A.HavingnotwateredB.NotwateringC.NothavingbeenwateredD.NotbeenwateredDC
