Chapter1ⅠYES.Pleaserefertothefirstparagraphinthetext.Ⅱ流动性过剩excessliquidity自给自足self-sufficient经济资源economicresources直接投资directinvestment国际收支balanceofpayments易货交易barter出口退税exporttaxrebate倾销dumpling出口型经济增长export-driveneconomicgrowth东道国hostcountry贸易差额balanceoftrade贸易顺差/贸易逆差favorable/unfavorablebalanceoftrade欧盟EuropeanUnion国际收支顺差/国际收支逆差favorable/unfavorablebalanceofpayments有形贸易visibletrade无形贸易invisibletrade货物贸易tradeingoods服务贸易tradeinservicesⅢThechartaboveshowstheU.S.importsfromChina,U.S.exportstoChinaandthetradebalance.TheU.S.hasanegativetradebalancewithChina,andithasbeengrowing.Duringtheperiodfrom1997to2003,importsfromChinahavegrown244%whileexportstoChinahavegrown221%,indicatingthatthetradedeficitisincreasing.TherehadalreadybeenasizeabletradebalancedeficitwithChinain1996,totaling$39.5billionattheendoftheyear.Ⅳ1.Exportgoodsaretangiblegoodssentoutofcountries.2.Tradeinservicesareinternationalearningsotherthanthosederivedfromtheexportingandimportingoftangiblegoods.3.Importgoodsaretangiblegoodsbroughtin.4.Internationaltradeisallbusinesstransactionsthatinvolvetwoormorecountries.5.FDIistheonethatgivestheinvestoracontrollinginterestinaforeigncompany.6.Investmentisusedprimarilyasfinancialmeansforacompanytoearnmoremoneytoitsmoneywithrelativesafety.Ⅴ1.Internationaltradeisthefairanddeliberateexchangeofgoodsand/orservicesacrossnationalboundaries.Itconcernstradeoperationsofbothimportandexportandincludesthepurchaseandsaleofbothvisibleandinvisiblegoods.2.Intoday'scomplexeconomicworld,neitherindividualsnornationsareself-sufficient.Nationsparticipateintheinternationaltradeformanyreasons.Astotheeconomicreasons,nonationshasalloftheeconomicresources(land,laborandcapital)thatitneedstodevelopitseconomyandculture,andnocountyenjoysaparticularitemsufficientenoughtomeetitsneed.Asforthepreferencereasons,internationaltradetakespalacebecauseofinnovationofstyle.Besides,everynationcanspecializeinacertainfieldandenjoyacomparativeadvantageinsomeparticularareaintermsoftradesothattheyneedtodobusinesswitheachothertomakeuseofresourcesmoreefficientlyandeffectively.3.Inmeasuringtheeffectivenessofglobaltrade,nationscarefullyfollowtwokeyindicators,namely,balanceoftradeandbalanceofpayments.4.FDI,theabbreviationfromForeignDirectInvestment,meansbuyingofpermanentpropertyandbusinessinforeignnations.Itoccurswhenacquisitionofequityinterestinaforeigncountryismade.ThegreatsignificantofFDIforChinamightbethat:FDIsolvetheproblemofcapitalshortageforChinasothatChinamayspendthemoneyonimportingadvancedequipmentandtechnologiesforitsinfrastructure,nationalsupportingindustry,keyprojects,etc.Chapter2Ⅰ关税壁垒tariffbarriers非关税壁垒non-tariffbarriers从量税specificduties配额quota保护性关税protectivetariff市场失灵marketfailure幼稚产业infantindustry许可证制度licensingsystem财政关税revenuetariff政府采购governmentprocurement贸易保护主义tradeprotectionism从价税AdvaloremDuties最低限价floorprice本地采购规则"buylocal"rules增加内需raisedomesticdemandDomesticcontent国内含量Red-tapebarriers进口环节壁垒Exportsubsidies出口补贴Bindingquota绑定配额Absolutequotas绝对配额VER自愿出口限制Tariff-ratequotas关税配额Zeroquota零配额"buylocal"rules本地采购原则Ⅱ1.Protectionismmeansthedeliberateuseorencouragementofrestrictionsonimportstoenablerelativelyinefficientdomesticpro...
