主动语态与被动语态主动语态：主语是动作的执行者或发出者。ShelikesEnglish.被动语态：主语是动作的承受着或涉及到的对象。Englishisliked(byher).被动语态的构成：be+v-ed写出各种时态的被动语态形式：被动语态时态构成主动语态（以teach为例）被动语态（以teach为例）一般现在时be(am/is/are)+v-edteachteaches现在进行时be(am/is/are)be+v-edbe(am/is/are)teaching过去进行时be(was/were)be+v-edbe(was/were)teaching一般过去时be(was/were)+v-edtaught一般将来时be(am/is/are)goingtobe+v-edbe(am/is/are)goingtoteach一般将来时Willbe+v-edwillteach现在完成时have/hasbeen+v-edhave/hastaught过去完成时hadbeen+v-edhadtaught含有情态动词的被动语态can/may/must/needbe+v-edcan/may/must/needteach三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：1.不及物动词无被动语态。Whatwillhappenin100years.Thedinosaursdisappearedabout65millionyearsago.2.有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。Thispenwriteswell.Thisnewbooksellswell.3.感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。makesb.dosth.→sb.+be+madetodosth.seesb.dosth.→sb.+be+seentodosth.例：Thebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork.→Thelittleboywasmadetodoheavyworkbytheboss.4.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。例：Hegavemeabook.→Abookwasgiventomebyhim.Heshowedmeaticket.→Aticketwasshowntomebyhim.5.一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。Wecan’tlaughathim.→Hecan’tbelaughedatbyus.专项练习：将下面句子改为被动语态1.Everybodylikeshim.2.Hebrokethecup.3.Heansweredmethatquestion.4.Hewroteheraletter.5.Shemadehimanewcoat.6.Hegavehersomemoney.7.Heboughtherawatch.将下面句子改为主动语态1.Englishistaughtinourschool.2.Wearetakengoodcareofatschool.3.Hewastakentothepolicestation.4.Thehousewasbuilttenyearsago.5.Anewbuildingwillbebuiltheresoon.6.Themeetingwillbeheldattwothisafternoon.7.Alltheworkhasbeendonenow.8.Havethelettersbeenposted?9.Hesaidtheworkhadbeenfinished.10.Mywatchisbeingrepairedbyhim.11.Theplanisnowbeingdiscussed.12.Hesaidthatthemanwasbeingoperatedon.13.Hetoldmethatanewstationwasbeingbuilt.14.Hesaidthatthemeetingwouldbeheldnextweek.15.Thismustbeknownbyeveryone.16.Thiscan’tbedoneinashorttime.主动语态与被动语态相互转换（没空一次，含缩写）1.wecallmathsthelanguageofscience.2.Wheredidtheyplantthetrees?3.Youcanborrowtwobooksatatime.4.Theteachermadethestudentcopythetext.5.TheyproducesilkinSuzhou.6.Theybuiltabridgebetweenthetwoislandslastyear.7.Abirthdaypartywillbegiventomorrow.8.Johnwasseentocrossthestreetjustnowbysomeone.9.Cananotherwaybethoughtoftokeepwineorwaterwarm?10.ToomanytreesarestillbeingcutdownintheUSA.
