20102010年高考语法复习年高考语法复习名词名词1、名词的单、复数;2、可数与不可数名词的转换;3、名词作定语;4、名词的搭配;5、词语辨析;高考考点分析问题问题11::---Howmanydoesacowhave?---Four.A.stomachesB.stomachC.stomachsD.stomachies以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的名词变复数时加–es;但如果以–ch结尾的名词发音为[k]时,只加–s。另外,以辅音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时,需将y变成i,再加-es;以元音字母+y结尾的则直接加-s。以辅音字母加y结尾的专有名词变复数时,也直接加-s。问题问题22::The______ofthebuildingarecoveredwithlotsof______.A.roofs;leavesB.rooves;leafsC.roof;leafD.roofs;leafs以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时:a.加s,如:serf---serfsbelief---beliefsroof---roofschief---chiefssafe---safesgulf---gulfs;b.去f,fe加ves,如:half---halvesknife---knivesleaf---leaveswolf---wolveswife---wiveslife---livesthief---thieves;c.均可,如:handkerchief---handkerchiefs/handkerchieves问题问题33::Whenthefarmerreturnedhomehefoundthree______missing.A.sheepsB.sheepesC.sheepD.sheepies当sheep;deer;fish表示数量时,单复数同形;如果表示不同种类,则需加–s或–es。单复数同形的名词有:deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,Swissworks,means,head问题问题44::Some______visitedourschoollastWednesday.A.GermanB.GermenC.GermansD.Germens国家人的名词需要记住三种情况:1、单复数同形:Chinese;Japanese;Swiss2、需要变形:English-Englishman3、加–s或-es:German–Germans详见下表。1.6不同国家的人的单复数名称总称(谓语用复数)一个人两个人中国人theChineseaChinesetwoChinese瑞士人theSwissaSwisstwoSwiss澳大利亚人theAustraliansanAustraliantwoAustralians俄国人theRussiansaRussiantwoRussians意大利人theItaliansanItaliantwoItalians希腊人theGreekaGreektwoGreeks法国人theFrenchaFrenchmantwoFrenchmen日本人theJapaneseaJapanesetwoJapanese美国人theAmericansanAmericantwoAmericans印度人theIndiansanIndiantwoIndians加拿大人theCanadiansaCanadiantwoCanadians德国人theGermansaGermanstwoGermans英国人theEnglishanEnglishmantwoEnglishmen瑞典人theSwedishaSwedetwoSwedes问题问题55::_______willmakeatriparoundtheworldduringthecomingChristmas.(1993上海)A.TheEvensB.TheEvens’C.TheEvensesD.TheEvenses’专有名词的复数与定冠词连用,常用来表示“一家人”或一家之中的两个或几个重要的人。如:---Whodidyouspendlastweekendwith?---_____.(98上海)APalmer’sBThePalmers’CThePalmersDThePalmer’s问题问题66::MrSmithhastwo______,bothofwhomareteachersinaschool.A.brothers-in-lawB.brother-in-lawsC.brothers-in-lawsD.brothers-inlaw以连字符号连接的合成名词一般将中心名词变成复数,如:managers-in-chief;fathers-in-law。如果没有中心名词就在该合成词的最后加–s。如:grown-ups。问题问题11::Hegainedhis_____byprinting_____offamouswriters.(NMET95)A.wealth;workB.wealths;worksC.wealths;workD.wealth;works抽象名词和物质名词被称为不可数名词。本题中wealth为不可数名词,works作“作品”解,属单复数同形的可数名词。问题问题22::Canyougiveussome______aboutthewriter?A.informationsB.informationC.pieceofinformationsD.piecesinformation大多数不可数名词都不可能转化为可数名词,常见的有:information;news;advice;progress;fun……如:Thisisnotamatch.We’replayingchessfor_____.AhabitBhobbyCfunDgame(2001上海春季)问题问题33::Manypeopleagreethat____ofEnglishisamustininternationaltradetoday.(NMET96)A.aknowledgeB.knowledgesC.knowledgeD.theknowledge有些抽象名词和物质名词也可转化为可数名词,用来表示某种特定的意义。aknowledgeof…表示“对……有所了解“。又如:Thismeetingisagreatsuccess.请看下面...