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1地理GEOGRAPHYgeography地理geographer地理学家hemisphere半球meridian子午线，经线parallel平行圈，纬线latitude经度longitude精度elevation海拔altitude高度horizon地平线equator赤道tropics热带地区Arctic北极Antarctic(Antarctica)南极expedition探险timezone时区topography地形，地形学plain平原plateau(highland)高地lowland低地basin盆地cavern(cave)洞穴terrain地域subterranean(underground)地底下coastland沿海地区island岛屿continentalisland大陆岛volcanicisland火山岛coralisland珊瑚岛peninsular半岛continent大陆continentalshelf大陆架ranges山脉valley峡谷canyon峡谷channel(strait)海峡terrestrial地球的，陆地的terrestrialheat(geothermal)地热continentaldrift大陆漂移学说oceanbottom海床sediment沉淀物，沉积物tropical热带的temperate温带的frigid寒带的formation形成fieldstone卵石2地质类geology地质学geologist地质学家crust地壳mantle地幔core地核continentalcrust大陆地壳oceaniccrust海洋地壳layer(stratum,复数strata)地层plate板块fault断层faultplane断层面faultzone断层带rift(crack;split)断裂disintegration(decomposition)分解erosion腐蚀fossil化石igneousrock火成岩sedimentaryrock沉积岩metamorphicrock变质岩quartz石英limestone石灰岩marble大理石granite花岗岩mineral矿物ore矿石deposit矿床platinum白金，铂silver银copper黄铜aluminum铝tin锡lead铅zinc锌nickel镍mercury汞，水银sodium钠gem宝石diamond钻石glacier冰川glacial冰川的glacialepoch(age,period)冰川期iceberg冰山volcano火山activevolcano活火山extinctvolcano死火山dormantvolcano休眠火山eruption火山喷发crater火山口lava火山岩浆volcanic火山的volcanicdust火山尘earthquake(quake;tremor;seism)地震seismic地震的seismology地震学magnitude震级seismicwave地震波3天文类astronomy天文学astronomical天文的astronomicalobservatory天文台astronomer天文学家astrophysics天文物理学astrology占星学pseudoscience伪科学cosmos(universe)宇宙cosmology宇宙学infinite无限的cosmic宇宙的cosmicradiation宇宙辐射cosmicrays宇宙射线celestial天的celestialbody(heavenlybody)天体celestialmap(skyatlas)天体图celestialsphere天球constellation星座cluster星团solarsystem太阳系solarradiation太阳辐射planet行星planetoid(asteroid)小行星revolve旋转，绕转twinkle闪烁Mercury水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars火星Jupiter木星Saturn土星Uranus天王星Neptune海王星Pluto冥王星orbit轨道spin旋转satellite卫星lunar月球的meteor流星meteorshower流星雨meteoroid流星体meteorite陨石comet彗星space(outerspace)太空，外层空间spacecraft(spaceship)宇宙飞船spaceshuttle航天飞机spacetelescope空间望远镜astronaut宇航员star恒星stellar恒星的interstellar恒星间的interplanetary行星间的asteroid小行星nebula星云corona日冕vacuum真空infraredray红外线radiation辐射emission发射，散发4.考古，人类anthropologist人类学家paleoanthropologist古人类学家ecologicalanthropologist生态人类学家psychologicalanthropologist心理人类学家origin起源originate起源于ancestor祖先homogeneous同一种族（种类）的tribe部落clan氏族archeologist考古学家excavation挖掘excavate(unearth)挖掘ruins遗迹，废墟remains遗迹，遗骸relic遗物，文物antique古物，古董antiquity古代，古老StoneAge石器时代BronzeAge（青）铜器时代IronAge铁器时代Paleolithic旧石器时代的Mesolithic中石器时代的Neolithic新石器时代的archaeology考古学anthropology人类学morphology形态学5.生态类ECOLOGY生态学ecologist生态学家ecosystem生态系统balance(ofnature)自然界生态平衡fauna动物群flora植物群rainforest雨林foodchain食物链acidrain酸雨greenhouseeffect温室效应infraredradiation红外线辐射ozonelayer(ozonosphere)臭氧层ultravioletradiation紫外辐射pollution污染pollutioncontrol污染控制ai...