1英译汉40篇：1.Quittingsmokingismoreofamatterofwillpowerthanofindividualchoice,forsmokingiswidelyrecognizedasaddictive.Althoughcounselingandmedicationcanincreasetheoddsthatasmokerquitspermanently,thebestwaytoavoiddilemmasisnevertotakeupsmokingtobeginwith.Theirreversibleeffectsofcigarettesmokingvaryinintensityandarerelatedbothtotheamountanddurationofexposureandtheageatwhichthepersonisinitiallyexposed.Thisreportchallengesthenotionthatafewyearsofexposuretosmokingwillhavenolastingharmfulconsequences.Wehopetodiscouragethisprevalentbutvitalhabitandsuggestthattobacco-relatedhealtheffectsdeclinesubstantiallyastimeawayfromsmokingincreases.2.Thisbookderivesfromdecadesofteachinginvariousschoolsacrossthecountry.Itisbasedonthebeliefthatphilosophyisagenuinelyexcitingsubject,accessiblenotonlytogiftedundergraduatemajorsbuttoeveryone.Everyoneisaphilosopher,whetherenrolledinaphilosophicalcourseornot.Thedifferenceisthatsomeonewhohasstudiedphilosophysystematicallyhastheadvantageofhavingencounteredstrongerandmorevariedargumentsthanmighthavebeenavailableotherwise.Whatisspecialaboutthisbookisthatitoffersintroductorystudentstheopportunityofhavingdirectcontactwithsubstantialreadingsfromsignificantbooksonphilosophy,butwithouttheunreasonabledemandthattheyconfrontthesebooksinfull,whichareoftenincomprehensible.3.Socialprogresshasdoneawaywiththeneedforbackbreakingworkandhasprovidedtimeandleisureforpersonalitydevelopment.Withit,indeedbecauseofit,todaythemiddle-classfamilyexpectseachofitsmemberstodevelophisuniquepersonality,andsodoeseachindividual,moreorless,himself.Thisnewobligationofthefamilytoprovideasettingforthedevelopmentofauniquepersonalitymakesfamilyconsensusextremelydifficult,ifnotimpossible.Nothingismoreproblematicforasmallgroupofquitedifferent,uniqueindividualsthantoliveinclosequarters,incloseharmonywitheachother.Besides,thenecessityofcultivatingteenagers’moralcharacteraddstothedifficultyinparenting.4.Oneoftheunintendedconsequencesoftheglobalizationisthatitputsdifferentsocietiesandculturesinmuchgreaterdirectcontactwithoneanother.Itconnectspeopletopeoplemuchfasterthanpeopleandculturescanoftenpreparethemselves.Someculturesthriveonthesuddenopportunitiesforcollaborationthatthisglobalintimacymakespossible.Othersarefrustrated,andevenhumiliatedbythisclosecontact,which,amongotherthings,makesiteasyforpeopletoseewheretheystandintheworldinrelationtoeveryoneelse.Allofthishelpstoaccountfortheemergenceofoneofthemostdevastatingforcestoday–terroristorganizationswhichhavenoregardforhumanlivesandwhichitisinourbestinteresttowipeout.5.Inthisbook,weofferadvicethatwehopewillseemreasonableandworthseriousconsideration.Butasanyexperiencedwriterknows,thereareoccasionswheneventhebestadvicemaynotapply.Thedemandsofwritingfordifferentaudiences,withdifferent2purposes,ondifferentsubjects,atdifferentlevelsofformalityaresovariedthattheycannotbegintobeanticipatedinabooklikethis,andwerecognizethatwhatisappropriateforonepieceofwritingmaynotbeappropriateforanother.Inmostcases,youwillhavetoavoidambiguityatallcostssoasnottoleaveyourwordsopentomisinterpretation.6.Whendominantinnovatorsinasciencerespondtothechallengeofasituationthatdemandssomechangeinitspractice,thismaytakeanumberofforms,andrivalschoolsmaygrowuparounddifferentleadersrespondingdifferentlytoaparticularsituation.Theserivalriesmaybereinforcedandperpetuatedbytheuseofs...
