定语从句定语：修饰名词或代词的成分一朵漂亮的花abeautifulflower定义：复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句先行词：被从句修饰的名词或代词(有时可以是句子)关系词：引导定语从句的词作用：连接定语从句；指代先行词；在定语从句中充当成分（主宾表定状）关系代词that人、物主宾表（做宾可省）ThegirlthatwesawyesterdaywasJim’ssister.（宾）Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.（主）which物主宾表(做宾可省,作介词宾语不可省)Theyplantedsometreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.（主）who人主宾表（做宾可省）Thereisagirlwhowantstoseeyou.（主）whom人宾表（做动宾可省，作介词宾语不可省）Theoldmanwho/whomyousawyesterdayisathinker.你昨天见到的那位老人是位思想家。whose人、物，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格，可以转化为“the＋名词＋ofwhich/whom”和“ofwhich/whom＋the＋名词”的形式。Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.→Thisisthescientistthenameofwhomisknownalloverthecountry.Thisisthescientistofwhomthenameisknownalloverthecountry.Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.→Pleasepassmethebookthecoverofwhichisgreen.Pleasepassmethebookofwhichthecoverisgreen.在限制性定语从句中，关系代词指物时只能用that而不用which的情况：先行词是不定代词时。如all，little，few，none，anything，something,everything,nothing等Canyougivemeanythingthathasnosugarinside?先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。Thisisthefirsttwo-storeybusthatrunsinourcity.先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰Guilinisthemostbeautifulcity关系副词介词+关系代词时。thatIhaveevervisited.先行词被theonly,thevery,theright等修饰时。Thisistheveryscarfthatmotherhasbeenlookingfor.这就是妈妈一直在找的那条围巾。先行词既有人又有物时CanyoutellmethepeopleandeventsthatyousawinBritain?when先行词是time,day,week,year等时间类名词，在从句中作时间状语可由介词+which替代Icannotforgetthedaywhen(onwhich)Ifirstsawyou.注意：当先行词是表示时间的time,day等或表示地点的place,house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构：1.从句缺少主语或宾语，关系词应用which或that，2.从句缺少时间状语或地点状语，才能用when或where。Istillremembertheday(which/that)wespenttogetherinthecity.先行词为时间，从句缺宾语Icannotforgetthedaywhen(onwhich)Ifirstsawyou.先行词为时间类名词，从句缺时间状语where先行词是place,street,house,city,country等地点类名词，或一些抽象意义的名词，如point,case,position,condition,situation。在从句中作地点状语，可由介词+which替代Thisisthehousewhere(inwhich)theylivedaweekago.why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason，在句中作原因状语可由forwhich代替Thereasonwhy(forwhich)Idon’ttrusthimisthatheoftentellslies.介词+关系代词结构中，指人用whom,指物用which,无其他选择介词的选择方法可以总结为：“一先、二动、三意义、四特殊”。Doyourememberthedayonwhich(when)youjoinedus?Thereisn’tasinglepersontowhomshecanturnforhelp.一先，即先看先行词，介词往往和先行词构成固定搭配时间常和on,in,by搭配；地点常用on，in，at；原因用for；方式用in，by，withThisisthehouseinwhich(where)theinventorlived.(livedinthehouse)二动，即看从句中的谓语动词结构。根据从句中谓语动词的搭配选择合适的介词。Heisthepersonofwhomeveryonehasheard.他是那位所有人都听说过的人。(hearof听说)三意义：通过判断主句表达的全部意义来确定合适的介词Hewaseducatedatalocalhighschool，afterwhichhewentontoBeijingUniversity.(动作先后顺序，after)四特殊：介词of常用于“表示部分的词语＋of＋关系代词结构”。1.不定代词all，both，none，neither，either，some，any+of＋关系代词1.Theoldmanhastwosons,bothofwhomaredoctors2.Therearesixtystudentsinourclass，twentyofwhomaregirls.3.Thefactoryproduce...
