非谓语动词讲义三．根据语法功能看非谓语动词的用法（五）做状语不定式Hesatdowntohavearest.(表目的)Tofindoutmoreaboutuniversitycourses,call(920)746-3789.Hegotupearlyinorderto/soastocatchthefirstbus.(表目的,soasto通常不用于句首)Hewokeuponly/justtofindeverybodygone.（表结果）Peter’scellphonewasleftinataxibyaccident,nevertobefoundagain.*不定式作原因状语往往用于形容词之后,这些形容词通常是happy,sorry,fortunate,angry,glad,ashamed,discouraged,delighted,frightened,shocked等。Iamverygladtoseeyou.（表原因）Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.（表程度）分词分词放在句首表示时间、原因、条件、让步*过去分词作时间状语表示的含义有两个:①与谓语动词同时发生;②被动意义。WhenSeenfromthetopofthemountain,thecitylooksverybeautifulwithlightsonatnight.(表时间)Unlessinvitedtospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.(表条件)Althoughtoldtostop,Peterwentontalkingabouthisfavoritesinger.(表让步)Facedwithadifficultsituation,Idecidedtoaskmybossforadvice.(表原因)*现在分词作时间状语一般位于句首，表示的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生Arriving(=Whenhearrived)atthebusstop,hefoundhissisterthere.*如果分词动作发生在谓语动词之前，用现在分词的完成体形式（havingdone/beendone）。Having(=Whenhehad)finishedhishomework,hewenttobed.分词放在句尾表示伴随情况,补充说明，结果状语,表示谓语动词正在所处主动或被动的状态Thefathercamein,followedbyhisson.(伴随情况)Theywalkedalongthestreets,talkingandlaughing.（伴随情况）Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,Richardreturnedhome,exhausted.（补充说明）连词+doing/done结构作状语.这些连词有:when,while,if,though,unless,onceWhenfirstintroducedtothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.Thoughtoldtostop,hewentontalkingabouthisfavoritesingers.【习题】1.Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasif_________whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.A.seeingB.havingseenC.tohaveseenD.tosee2.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce________nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun3._______lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept4.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,________itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake5.Amiddle-agedwomancame_______tothebusstoponly_______thebushadgone.A.torun;tofindB.running;tofindC.andran;findingD.running;finding6.Thepolicemancameuptothelonelyhouse,whosedoorwasopen,_____thereforawhile,andthenenteredit.A.tostandB.standC.stoodD.standing7.Everyminutemustbemadefulluseof____ourlessons,forthecollegeentranceexaminationiscoming.A.goingoverB.togooverC.gooverD.ourgoingover8.Wemustdowhateverwecan____thosewhoareintrouble.A.helpB.helpingC.dohelpD.tohelp9._____thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven10.__________inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose11.Youshouldn’tkeepsilentwhen_________.A.speakingB.spokentoC.spokenD.speakingto12.Whichdoyouenjoy_____yourweekendfishingorwatchingTV?A.spendingB.tospendC.beingspentD.spend13._________aloneinthedarkroom,thelittleboywassofrightenedastocry.A.LeavingB.HavingleftC.tobeleftD.Left14.“If”,headded,“____enoughtime,Iwouldcertainlyhavedoneitbetter.”A.togiveB.IwasgivenC.givenD.tobegiven15._____agoodrest,theworkerstopped_____andwenttosleep,.A.Having;toworkB.Tohave;workingC.Tohave;toworkD.Having;working16.___fromthesky,themountlookslikeadragonlyingontheground.A.SeeingB.HavingseenC.TobeseenD.Seen17._...
