2导数的概念及其几何意义[A组基础巩固]1.设f(x)为可导函数,且满足lim=-1,则曲线y=f(x)在点(1,f(1))处的切线的斜率是()A.1B.-1C
D.-2解析: lim=-1,∴lim=-1,∴f′(1)=-1
答案:B2.若曲线y=x2+ax+b在点(0,b)处的切线方程是x-y+1=0,则()A.a=1,b=1B.a=-1,b=1C.a=1,b=-1D.a=-1,b=-1解析: 点(0,b)在直线x-y+1=0上,∴b=1
又 函数y=x2+ax+b在x0=0处的切线方程是x-y+1=0,∴lim=a=1,故选A
答案:A3.抛物线y=x2在点Q(2,1)处的切线方程是()A.x-y+1=0B.x-y-1=0C.x+y+1=0D.x+y-1=0解析: 点Q(2,1)在抛物线上,∴由导数的定义可得,lim=lim=lim(1+·Δx)=1,∴y=x2在点Q(2,1)处的导数为1
∴所求的切线方程为y-1=x-2,即x-y-1=0
答案:B4.已知曲线y=ax2在点(1,a)处的切线与直线2x-y-6=0平行,则a等于()A.1B
C.-D.-1解析:令y=f(x)=ax2,则曲线在点(1,a)处的切线斜率k=f′(1),即2=k=f′(1)=lim=2a,故a=1
答案:A5.曲线f(x)=x3+x-2在点P0处的切线平行于直线y=4x-1,则P0点的坐标为()A.(1,0)B.(1,0)或(-1,-4)C.(2,8)D.(2,8)或(-1,-4)解析:设P0(x0,y0),====3x+1+3x0Δx+(Δx)2,f′(x0)=lim=3x+1
所以3x+1=4,x=1,x0=±1,当x0=1时,y0=0,1x0=-1时,y0=-4,所以P0为(1,0)或(-1,-4).答案:B6.如图,函数y=f(x)的图像在点P处的切线方程是y=-x+8,则f(5)