1宾语从句一、宾语从句的定义：宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。Iknowhim.Iknowwhoheis.主语谓语宾语主语谓语连词从句主语从句谓语主句宾语从句宾语:位于谓语动词或者介词后：Iknowhim.Doyouhavethetime?Ithink(that)sheisbeautiful.Whydon’tyoupayattentiontome?宾语从句的概念：从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词、形容词之后。WeknowMrGreenteachesEnglish.Sheaskediftheseanswerswereright.二、宾语从句分类:根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类:1.由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.that的省略：e.g.Iguess(that)somebodyelsehasborrowedit.注意：当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that,其他不能省略。eg．Ibelieve（that）youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter．2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfoe?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if/whether“是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask,wonder,can(could)youtellme表示疑问不确定意义的词之后；从句句意完整，不缺成分。Iwanttoknowif(whether)hewillgototheparkwithus.Askhimwhether(if)hecancome.Iwonderwhetheritisgoingtorainornot.Couldyoutellmewhether(if)MrLiliveshere?2只用whether的情况：1.在引导主语从句、表语从句、引导同位语从句时：主语从句:Whetheritistrueremainsaquestion.Whetherheisrightorwrongisaquestion.表语从句：Thequestioniswhetheritistrue.(为了强调宾语部分，也可把从句提在主句前。WhetherhewillcomeIamnotsure.）Thequestionwhetherhewillacceptitconfusesus.2.用在动词不定式之前时(whethertodosth.)：Theyaskedmewhethertogoskating.Idon’tknowwhethertogothereatonce.3.当与ornot连用，或or提出两种选择时:Idon’tknowwhetherhe’sfreeornot.MaryaskedwhetherIwasdoingmyhomeworkornot.Tellmewhetheryou’dliketogoshoppingortidytheroom.4.在介词或discuss后面：I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.Wediscussedwhetherweshouldclosetheshop.注意：只能用if不能用whether的情况1.引导条件状语从句Ifherunsfast,he’llgetthereontime.I’llgotoseeyouifIhavetime.2.引导否定的宾语从句Tellmeifitisnotgoingtorain,please.if/whether用法巧记:两个“是否”并不难，一般情况可代换。下列情况用whether,主表不定式or(not)。作为讨论介词宾,此时if不可跟。还有一点也得编，whether从句可提前。引导条件表“如果”，再也不可用whether。宾语从句若否定，whether一词不可用。练习：选择if/whether。1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.2.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.3.Iwonder___________heiswell.4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.5.Idon’tknow_______togo.三、宾语从句的语序：宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：主句+连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分；即：助动词不能放在主语前面。例如：Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.注：当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时，语序不变：What’swrong?What’sthematter?What’shappening?Whoisoverthere？Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?Canyoutellmewhoheis?注意：否定前移3若主句谓语动词为think,guess，imagine，suppose,believe等其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式；其反意疑问句，疑问从句。主句是I/Wethink/suppose/guess/believe等...
