Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestarsLearningaboutLanguage1.LearnsomethingaboutNounClausesasthesubject.2.LetstudentslearnhowtouseNounClausesasthesubject.3.Masterthegrammarthroughpractice.Whatpartdoestheunderlinedpartserveasineachsentence?Atreehasfallenacrosstheroad.Youareastudent.Tofindyourwaycanbeaproblem.Smokingisbadforyou.“Howdoyoudo”isagreeting.Whatshesaidisnotyetknown.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.Itiscertainthatweshallbelate.Wecanseefromthesesentencesthatasentenceservesassubject,sowecallitSubjectClause.1.主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分1)Thathewillsucceediscertain.2)Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.3)Howwecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting.注意语序的变化SubjectClause主语从句2.引导主语从句的连接词有三类：(1)连词that，whetherWhetherwegobytrainorbyboatmakesnodifference.Whetherhe’llcomeisn’tclear.Thatpriceswillgoupiscertain.Whatshedidisnotknownyet.Whowillwritethepoemhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whateverhedidisright.(2)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever等。(3)连接副词where,when,how,why等。Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.Whenhewillbebackdependsontheweather.Howthepyramidswerebuiltisstillamystery.注意时态注意：whetherwhether引导的从句一般不能为否定结构(选择问句的后一部分除外);而if则可以跟否定结构,如:•Idon’tcareifshedoesn’tcome.•Idon’tcareifitdoesn’train.在个别动词之后,如discuss等,只跟用whether引导的宾语从句,如:Theydiscussedwhethertheyshouldclosetheshop.whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语,而if则不能,如：I’mnotinterestedinwhetherthey’llgoornot.•引导表语从句用whether,不用if,如:Thequestioniswhetheryoushouldacceptit.•引导同位语从句用whether,不用if,如:•Thequestionwhetherhe’llattendthemeetingisessential.•IamindoubtwhetherIshouldagreetotheplan.3.主语从句后置为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.—2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.—Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.It’sknowntoallthattheearthisround.A.It+be+形容词(obvious,true,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.B.It+be+名词词组(nowonder,anhonor,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,etc.)+that从句It’sapitythatwecan’tgo.4.用it作形式主语的结构C.It+be+过去分词(said,reported,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that从句。ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.D.It+seems,happens等不及物动词及短语+that从句。IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.E.It+doesn’tmatter(makesnodifference,etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句。Itdoesn’tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.Whatyouleftareonlyseveraloldbooks.Whatyousaidisofgreatimportance.1.“if”不能引导位于句首的主语从句，应用“whether”引导。3.“that”不能省。4.“what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词1)常与其后作表语的名词一致2)根据句子的语境而定5.主语从句需注意的问题2.用陈述语序。作表语6.常见错误展示下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并分析错误的原因。1.Lighttravelsfasterthansoundiscommonknowledge.2.Ifshe’scomingornotdoesn’tmattermuch.Thatthat虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略。if,whether都可表示“是否”,但if不能引导位于句首的主语从句，它可以引导后置的主语从句。Whether3.Thattheprofessorsaidisofgreatimportance.4.Wherewillthetreesbeplantedhasnotbeendecided.that引导主语从句时无词义。Whattheprofessorsaid表示“教授所说的”。将will置于trees之后。主语从句要用陈述语序。What5.Nomatterwhobreakstherulewillbepunished.6.Whenandwherethemeetingw...
