初三英语被动语态小结（Be+done）及练习一、语态概述英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如：ManypeoplespeakEnglish.谓语speak的动作是由主语manypeople来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Englishisspokenbymanypeople.主语English是动词speak的承受者。二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：am/is/are+taught一般过去时：was/were+taught一般将来时：will/shallbe+taught现在完成时：have/hasbeen+taught情态动词：should/must/can/…+be+taught如：Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday,butitwasn'tcleanedyesterday.ItwillcleanedbyGroup1tomorrow.三、被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。如：Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.Thisbookwaspublishedin1981.(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。如：ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike.Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.Eighthoursperdayforsleepmustbeguaranteed.注意：句子的主语是谓语动词的动作的承受者或者主语是动作的对象，因此只有及物动词才有被动语态。四、主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。如：Allthepeoplelaughedathim.改为：Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.改为：Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.五、特殊情况1.宾语的复合结构：这种情形如果要把主动语态变为被动语态，需把复合结构的逻辑主语变为被动语态的主语，此时，原来的宾补变成了主语补足语。（如果原句是由省“to”的不定式作宾补，变成被语态时应把省掉的“to”加上）如：Hemadetheboyworkfortwohoursyesterday.改为：Theboywasmadetoworkbyhimfortwohoursyesterday.MotherneverletsmewatchTV.改为：IamneverlettowatchTVbymother.2.双宾语形式：此时要变被动语态，一般是把人（间接宾语）变为主语；如果非得把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，则应加上介词“for”或“to”。如：JackgavePeteraChristmaspresentjustnow.改为：(1)AChristmaspresentwasgiventoPeterbyJackjustnow.(2)PeterwasgivenaChristmaspresentbyJackjustnow.3、短语动词的完整性：如：Weshouldtakegoodcareoftheoldandthechildren.改为：Theoldandthechildrenshouldbetakengoodcareof.4、.“get+过去分词”结构也可以表被动。如：getburnt（着火）、getkilled（被杀）、gethurt（受伤）、getlost（迷路）getdressed（穿衣服）、getmarried（结婚）等。Theboygothurtonhiswaytoschool.这个男孩在上学的路上受伤了。被动语态专项练习一、用所给词的适当形式填空1.Rice_______(grow)inthesouthofChina.2.______thiskindofcar______(make)intheUSA?3.Why_____Australia______(call)“acountryonasheep’sback”?4.LiMing______(ask)toattendthemeetingyesterday.5.Theyoungtrees_________(notwater)yesterday.6.Thosechildren________(look)afterwelllastweek.7.Theclothes______(wash)yesterday,they______(wash)easily.8.Thebook_____(write)byLuXun.9.Theprinter_____(use)______(print)something.10.What______it_______(make)of?Paper.11.YoucanwatchTVwhenyourhomework_____(do)12.I______(ask)togiveatalktherelastyear.13.Inwhichcity_______silk_______(produce)?14.He_______often________(hear)_______(sing)intheroom.15.Theworkers_______(make)_______(work)for12hoursbythebosseveryday.16.Nothing_______(appear)onthescreen.17.Anacciden...
