高中英语学习材料(灿若寒星*制作整理)Unit4Earthquakes语法探究TheAttributiveClauseTeachingaims:GrasptheAttributiveClause[自学探究](SBP28Discoveringusefulstructures)[要点导航]TheAttributiveClause(1)用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句通常置于它所修饰的名词(或代词)之后,这种名词(或代词)被称作先行词,引导定语从句的关联词被称为关系代词或关系副词。兹将关系代词that,which,who,whose的用法简述如下。一、基本用法关系代词的一般用法列表如下:关系代词指代在定语从句中所充当的成分人物句子主语宾语定语表语who√√√which√√√√√√that√√√√√whose√√√从表中可以看出,who,that,whose指人,which,that,whose指物,只有which可代指句子内容。who为主格,作主语;whom为宾格,作宾语;that指人亦可指物,作主语或宾语;whose是属格,指人间或指物,作定语;which的用法则更复杂。例如:Themanwhowashereyesterdayisapainter.昨天在这里的那个人是位画家。(who作主语)ThemanwhoIsawiscalledSmith.我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。(who作宾语,亦可省略)Aletterthatiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.用铅笔写的信很难读。(that作主语,指物)Ishethemanthatsellseggs?他是卖鸡蛋的那个人吗?(that作主语,指人)Wetoldhimtoconsultthedoctor,whichadvicehetook.我们叫他去看医生,他听取了我们的劝告。(which作定语)Thetwopolicemenwerecompletelytrusted,whichinfact,theywere.那两个警察完全受到信任,事实上真是如此。(which作表语,代指句子部分内容)Ihavethatwhichyougaveme.我有你给我的那个。(which作宾语)Thisisthebookwhichhasbeenretranslatedintomanylanguages.这就是那本有多种译本的书。(which作主语)二、主要区别(1)who/that区别:指人时,在下列情况下一般选用who:①当先行词为those,one,anyone,nobody等不定代词时。例如:TheonewhoknowsmewellisTom.非常了解我的那个人是汤姆。②在分隔型定语从句中,若先行词代指人。如:AnewmasterwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.有位新老师明天来教你们德语。③先行词为therebe结构的主语时。例如:Thereisamanwhowantstoseeyou.有个人想见你。(2)which/that区别:代指物时,一般可以互换,注意:that和which可以互换,但在下列情况下只用that:①当先行词是不定代词all,little,few,much,none,anything,nothing,everything等时。Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?我能帮你忙吗?②当先行词被all,only,little,much,some,any,no,every等修饰时Theonlything(that)Icandois(to)wait.我唯一能做的是等待。③当先行词被最高级,序数词以及thevery,thefew,theonly修饰时。Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.这是我看过的最好的电影。④当先行词指人又指物时Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolthathehadvisited.他谈到了他参观的学校和拜访的老师。⑤在who或which引导的疑问句中WhoisthemanthatistalkingtoMark?与Mark谈话的那个人是谁?⑥在way后的定语从句中用that;也可用inwhich,或者省略引导词Idon’tknowtheway(that/inwhich)heworkedouttheproblem.我不知道他解那道题的方法。⑦在某些特殊的句子里Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.他不再是过去的那个样子了。以下情况用which,不用that:①引导非限制性定语从句。例如:Football,whichisaninterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.全世界都踢足球,它是一项有趣的运动。②直接放在介词后作宾语时。例如:Thisisthehotelinwhichyouwillstay.这就是你将要住的旅馆。[典例解析]1.Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm____wevisitedthreemonthsago?A.whereB.whenC.thatD.what答案:C。由句意判断“wevisitedthreemonthsago”为定语从句,修饰thechickenfarm,关联词使用关系代词或关系副词主要取决于从句的句子结构,这里visited后需要的是定语,所以选用C.如果此项是which也可以。2.Ihavemanyfriends,_______somearebusinessmen.A.ofthemB.fromwhichC.whoofD.ofwhom答案:D。本题考查定语从句,句意:我有很多朋...