1虚拟语气一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气1.和现在的事实相反从句：一般过去时（were/did）；主句：过去将来时（woulddo）E.g.：Iamnotfreetoday.IfI______freetoday,I_____(go)andvisitsomeofmyfriends.2.和过去的事实相反从句：过去完成时（haddone）；主句：过去完成时（wouldhavedone）E.g.：Ifmylawyer___________(come)herelastSaturday,he__________(keep)mefromgoing.3.和将来的事实相反从句：①wereto+动词原形②should+动词原形③动词过去式；主句should/would/could/might+动词原形E.g.：IfIweretoseeTom,what_______you________(ask)metotellhim?二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后一个时态。例如:1)与现在事实相反:wish+(that)+did(were)E.g.：IwishIwereashealthyasyou.E.g.：IwishthatIhadaplane.2)与过去事实相反:wish+(that)+haddoneE.g.：IwishIhadbeentotheconcertlastnight.E.g.：Iwishyouhadwrittentohim.3)与将来事实相反:wish+would/could/might+doE.g.：Iwishhewouldforgiveme.2.在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用should+动词原形的虚拟语气形式。“should”可以省略。一个坚持insist;两个命令order,command;三条建议suggest,advise,propose;四项要求demand,request,require,ask;另外有:prefer、recommend注意:suggest表“暗示表明”时insist表“坚持认为”时不用虚拟语气E.g.：Heorderedthatthestudents(should)washtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.E.g.：Thedoctorsuggestedthatshe(should)haveanoperationatonce.*Hisfacesuggestedthathehadbeenpunishedbytheteacher.三、主语从句中的虚拟语气1.Itbe+过去分词+that…+(should)+动词原形+…过去分词：suggested,requested,ordered,proposedE.g.:Itisrequiredthatnobody(should)smokehere.E.g.:It’ssuggestedthateverybody(should)buyadictionary2.Itbe+形容词+that…+(should)+动词原形+…形容词:important,necessary,natural,right,wrong,better,proper,funny,strange,surprising…E.g.:Itisnecessarythatwe(should)haveawalknow.E.g.:It'simportantthatwe(should)takegoodcareofthepatient.3.Itbe+名词（apity/ashame/nowonder）that…+(should)+动词原形+…(表示惊异、懊悔、失望等情感)Itisaregretthathe(should)missthisgoldenchance.四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气2在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice,decision等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。E.g.:Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)leaveatonce.E.g.:Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.五、状语从句中的虚拟语气1、用在由asif,asthough引导的状语从句中，表示和现在事实相反或对现在的怀疑，用过去时；表示过去想象中的动作或情况，用过去完成时;表示将来用would+动词原形。E.g.:Itseemsasifthemanwerehisbrother.E.g.:Thisdeviceoperatedasthoughithadbeenrepaired.2.用在lest,forfearthat和incase引导的状语从句中，这时谓语动词用(should)+动词原形E.g.:Sheclosedthewindowslestshecatchcold.六、其他句式1、It’s(high/low)time从句：Itis(high)timethat从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。E.g.:Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.E.g.:Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.2、一些介词短语Butforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavesucceeded.Nothingcouldlivewithoutthesun.3、比较ifonly与onlyifonlyif表示“只有”；Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.ifonly则表示“如果……就好了”。其从句中的谓语动词用过去时或过去完成时。IfonlyIknewmore.Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.七、虚拟语气难点1、错综虚拟与隐含虚拟错综虚拟：Ifyouhadn’tboughttheticketlastweek,howwouldyougonow?隐含虚拟：情境中提供虚拟语气Supposetherewerenogravity,objectswouldnotfalltothegroundwhendropped.Shewasn’tfeelingverywell.Otherwiseshewouldn’thaveleftthemeetingsoearly.Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.（连词）Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.（连词）Givenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.（分词短语）……Suchmistakescouldhavebeenavoided.（通过上下文）2、倒装①.Wereit(=Ifitwere)notfortheirhelp,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.②.HadI(=IfIhad)knownaboutit,Iwouldhavetoldyou.③.Shouldanyone(=Ifanyoneshould)call,pleasetakeamessage.
