分词分词一、构成形式一、构成形式主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一般式一般式doingdoingbeingdonebeingdone完成式完成式havingdonehavingdonehavingbeendonehavingbeendone△△过去分词只有一种形式(v+ed)。△△现在分词（否定式not+分词）：二、语法功能二、语法功能11．作表语．作表语22．作定语．作定语33．作状语．作状语44．作宾语补足语．作宾语补足语现在分词多表示主语所具有的特征或属性；过去分词多表示主语所处的状态。现在分词表示“令人…的”，过去分词表示“感到…”,如：Thenewswasexciting.Heappearedsatisfiedwithmyanswer.一、作表语①单独作定语，放在被修饰的词前1.Barkingdogsseldombite.2.Soonourrespectedandbelovedleadersenteredthebanquethall.②分词短语作定语，放在被修饰词后Theybuiltahighwayleadingintothemountains.Theyareproblemsleftoverbyhistory.二、作定语分词作定语，接近于一个定语从句，如：developingcountries=countriesthataredevelopingagrowingcity=acitythatisgrowingliberatedareas=areasthathavebeenliberatedWhoisthemanstanding(=thatisstanding)bythedoor?Haveyoureadanyshortstorieswritten(whichwerewritten)byLuXun?注意1：b.经常性,或现在(或当时)的状态,(变为从句时,用一般时态),如：Theylivedinaroomfacingfacing(=thatfaced)thesouththesouth.Thehousestandingstanding(=thatstands)atthecornerofthestreetatthecornerofthestreetwasbuiltin1955.作定语的现在分词的时间性（2种）：a.正在进行,(变为从句时要用进行时态),如：Tellthechildrenplayingthereplayingthere(whoareplayingthere)nottomakesomuchnoise.注意2：注①：注①：正在被用现在分词的被动形式。现在分词的被动形式。Themeetingbeingheldbeingheldisveryimportant.Wemustkeepasecretofthethingsbeingdiscussedherebeingdiscussedhere.注②注②：：将要被…，用不定式的被动形式不定式的被动形式来表示Themeetingtobeheldnextweektobeheldnextweekisveryimportant.Tellmethesubjectstobediscussedatthenextmeetingtobediscussedatthenextmeeting.注意3：注③注③：：已经被…，就用done。Thebridgedesignedlastyeardesignedlastyearisunderconstruction.过去分词作定语时，过去分词所表示的动作可以在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，也可以是没有一定的时间性，通常表示被动。如：1.Isthisthebookrecommendedbyourteacherrecommendedbyourteacher?2.Themeetingheldlastweekheldlastweekisveryimportant.3.Heisamanlovedbyalllovedbyall.4.Ihatetoseeletterswritteninpencilwritteninpencil.5.Thechildissittingonthefallenleaves,readingabook.6.Theywalkedinthefallenleaves.区别：doing&done•doing表主动或进行•done表被动或完成1、时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随情况、行为方式等。2、通常放在句首或句尾，有时也可插在句子的主谓语之间。3、逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。4、有时为了明确时间、条件或结果，分词前可加when,while,if,thus等连词。三、作状语((一一))现在分词作状语现在分词作状语①伴随状语，表示陪衬性的动作或伴随情况陪衬性的动作或伴随情况Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughinglaughingandtalkingmerrilyandtalkingmerrily.Theystoodthereforanhourwatchingthewatchingthegamegame.Shesatatthedeskreadinganewspaperreadinganewspaper.②方式状语FollowingtheguideFollowingtheguide,theystartedtoclimb.WorkingthiswayWorkingthisway,theygreatlyreducedthecost.TravellingbyjeepTravellingbyjeep,wevisitedanumberofcities.③原因状语Seeingnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.Beingsopoorinthosedays,wecouldn’taffordtosendtheboytohospital.注意在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，用完成形式Havingworkedamongthepeasantsformanyyears,heknewthemverywell.Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherletter.HavinglivedinBerlinmanyyears,heknewthecit...
