专题突破系列（十二）任务型阅读解题技巧【典题示例】(2012·江苏高考)“HappinessAdvantage”EffectInJuly2010Burt’sBees,apersonal-careproductscompany,wasgoingthroughenormouschangeasitbeganaglobalexpansioninto19newcountries.Inthiskindofhigh-pressuresituation,manyleadersbothertheirassistantswithfrequentmeetingsorfloodtheirin-boxeswithurgentdemands.Indoingso,managerslifteveryone’sanxietylevel,whichactivatesthepartofthebrainthatprocessesthreatsandstealsresourcesfromtheprefrontalcortex(大脑皮层),whichisresponsibleforeffectiveproblemsolving.Burt’sBees’sthen-CEO,JohnWolfgang,tookadifferentapproach.Eachday,he’dsendoutane-mailpraisingateammemberforworkrelatedtoglobalmarketing.He’dinterrupthisownpresentationstoremindhismanagerstotalkwiththeirteamsaboutthecompany’svalues.Heaskedmetofurtherathree-hoursessionwithemployeesonhappinessinthecourseoftheexpansioneffort.Asonememberoftheseniorteamtoldmeayearlater,Wolfgang’semphasisondevelopingpositiveleadershipkepthismanagersactivelyinvolvedandloyalastheysuccessfullytransformedthecompanyintoaglobalone.Thatoutcomeshouldn’tsurpriseus.Researchshowsthatwhenpeopleworkwithapositivemind-set(思维模式),performanceonnearlyeverylevel—productivity,creativity,involvement—improves.Yethappinessisperhapsthemostmisunderstooddriverofperformance.Forone,mostpeoplebelievethatsuccesscomesbeforehappiness.“OnceIgetapromotion,I’llbehappy,”theythink.Or,“OnceIhitmysalestarget,I’llfeelgreat.”Butbecausesuccessisamovingtarget—assoonasyouhityourtarget,youraiseitagain—thehappinessthatresultsfromsuccessdoesnotlastlong.Infact,itworkstheotherwayaround:Peoplewhohaveapositivemind-setperformbetterinthefaceofchallenge.Icallthisthe“happinessadvantage”—everybusinessoutcomeshowsimprovementwhenthebrainispositive.I’veobservedthiseffectinmyroleasaresearcherandlecturerin48countriesontheconnectionbetweenemployeehappinessandsuccess.AndI’mnotalone:Inananalysisof225academicstudies,researchersfoundstrongevidenceofcause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenlifesatisfactionandsuccessfulbusinessoutcomes.Anothercommonmisunderstandingisthatourgenetics,ourenvironment,oracombinationofthetwodetermineshowhappyweare.Tobesure,bothfactorshaveanimpact.Butone’sgeneralsenseofwell-beingissurprisinglyunstable.Thehabitsyouform,thewayyouinteractwithcolleagues,howyouthinkaboutstress—allthesecanbemanagedtoincreaseyourhappinessandyourchancesofsuccess.1.【点拨】bother/annoy。根据第一段中manyleadersbothertheirassistantswithfrequentmeetingsorfloodtheir...可知。2.【点拨】anxiety/concern/worry。根据第一段中managerslifteveryone’sanxietylevel可知。3.【点拨】considerate/aware/conscious。根据第二段中Eachday,he’dsendoutane-mailpraisingateammemberforworkrelatedtoglobalmarketing.可知。4.【点拨】loyal/faithful/devoted/committed。根据第二段中Wolfgang’semphasisondevelopingpositiveleadershipkepthismanagersactivelyinvolvedandloyal...可知。5.【点拨】difference。解析同上。makeadifference有影响，起作用，有意义。6.【点拨】positively。根据第三段中withapositivemind-set可推出thinkpositively。7.【点拨】success/achievements。根据第三段中thehappinessthatresultsfromsuccessdoesnotlastlong.可知。8.【点拨】strongly。根据倒数第二段中researchersfoundstrongevidenceof...可知。9.【点拨】determined/decided。根据最后一段中Anothercommonmisunderstandingisthat...howhappyweare.可知。10.【点拨】chances/possibilities/opportunities。根据最后一段中allthesecanbemanagedtoincreaseyourhappinessandyourchancesofsuccess.可知。【专家支招】试题特点：作为一种主观题，任务型阅读可对学生综合运用语言的能力进行多方位的考查，并且对学生各方面的能力提出了更高的要求。这一题型的设计，突出体现文章结构与层次、强调捕捉与组织信息的能力、兼顾阅读理解与文字表述能力的考查，符合新课程理念。考查方式：它要求考生根据一篇短文所提供的信息用恰当的单词或短语完成与短文相关的表格，每空一词。其特点是考查考生对文中有效信息进行二次加工，归纳要点、整合零散信息，并根据表格的形式把加工后的信息准确、有序地表达出来的能力。命题要求为短文加结构图表或方框图表。形式有三种类型：①信息捕捉题；②信息转换题；③信息综合题。突破窍门：理解文章大意、结构是做题的第一步；弄清图表结构，通过扫读图表，分析表格结构是做题的第二步；理清其显示的层次、捕捉信息、变通信息、概括信息是第三步。
