ThePresentPerfectPassiveVoiceUnit3GrammarObjectiveTolearnandusethepresentperfectpassivevoice.Lookatthefollowingsentences,payingattentiontotheunderlinedpart.OvertimeIhavebeenchangedquitealot.FirstasaPC(personalcomputer)andthenasalaptop,Ihavebeenusedinofficesandhomessincethe1970s.Overtimemymemoryhasdevelopedsomuchthat,likeanelephant,IneverforgetanythingIhavebeentold!Sincethe1970smanynewapplicationshavebeenfoundforme.Ihavealsobeenputintorobotsandusedtomakemobilephonesaswellashelpwithmedicaloperations.IhaveevenbeenputintospacerocketsandsenttoexploretheMoonandMars.现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去,到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响。现在完成时的被动语态UnderstandingthestructureofthepresentperfectpassivevoiceThestructureofthepresentperfectpassivevoiceis:have/has+been+~ed1.主动语态即主语为动作的执行者；被动语态即主语为动作的承受者。现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，但主语为动作的承受者，表示“……已经被……”。Thenewschoolhasbeensetup.新学校已经建成了。2.现在完成时被动语态的肯定式为：have/has+been+doneTheexperimenthasbeendonesuccessfully.这个实验做得很成功。现在完成时被动语态的否定式为：have/has+not+been+doneTom’snovelhasnotbeenpublished.汤姆的小说还没有被出版。现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问句需将have/has提到主语的前面。Hashisbikebeenrepaired?他的自行车修好了吗？现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词+have/has+been+doneWhohasbeeninvited?谁受到了邀请？现在完成时的被动语态表达以下两个概念：1.说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。2.主语是行为动作的承受者。现在完成时的被动语态由have/hasbeen+v-ed构成，其中v-ed为过去分词，表示被动。Ihavebeentoldaboutitmanytimes.Thebridgehasjustbeenbuilt.在使用现在完成时的被动语态时要注意以下两点：1.过去分词前有两个助动词：have/has和been。2.必须表示被动。注意:1.副词的位置often,usually,always,never,hardly,seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。如:[误]Suchamanhasbeenhardlybelieved.[正]Suchamanhashardlybeenbelieved.2.并不是所有动词都有被动语态(1)happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如：[误]GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChinasince1978.[正]GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.(2)open,break,drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。3.短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。如：Thepatientshavebeentakengoodcareof.(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。主动语态变被动语态的方法(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。Allthepeoplelaughedathim.Hewaslaughedatbyallthepeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.(4)双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。主动：Ihavegivenhimthekey.被动：Hehasbeengiventhekey.被动：Thekeyhasbeengiven(to)him.(5)带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补保留不动，改称主语补足语。主动：Ihaveaskedhertohelpyou.被动：Shehasbeenaskedtohelpyou.(1)［误］Manynewbuildingsbeenbuiltsince1980.［正］Manynewbuildingshavebeenbuiltsince1980.分析:谓语部分结构不全,时态部分不完整。试分析：(2)［误］Somethingbadhasbeenhappenedtohim.［正］Somethingbadhashappenedtohim.分析:被动语态误用。happen为不及物动词，不及物动词没有被动语态。(3)［误］IhaveintroducedtoMr.Smith.［正］IhavebeenintroducedtoMr.Smith(byMr.Wang).分析:introduce为及物动词，I是introduce的承受者。(4)［误］Thedoorhasbeen...
