北师大版高三Module9Unit26UsagesofperfectverbformsUsagesofperfectverbformsGeneral(1)•Perfectverbformsareusedtolinktwotimes(时刻).Thespeakerislookingbackfromonepointtothetimebeforethat.•Ihavelivedhereforyears.(fromnowtothepast)•WhenIgotback,theyhadallleft.(fromthepasttothetimebeforethat)•Iwillhavefinishedallmyexams.(fromamomentinthefuturetoonebeforethat)•Youcanrefertothediagraphsonpage34.Generaluse(2)•Haveyoubeenwaitinglong?•Wehadbeendrivingforsixhourswhenweranoutofpetrol.Presentperfectsimpleandcontinuous•根据动词是否连续,可以将现在完成分为两种:强调结果(瞬间动词)和强调过程(延续性动词):•Oh,no!Thecomputerhascrashedagain.(itisnotworkingnow.)•TherehasjustbeenabadaccidentontheM6.(thisisnews,affectingpeoplenow.)•IhavebeenaManchesterUnitedsupporterforaslongasIcanremember.•Howlonghaveyouknowneachother?•注意:当时间状语不明确时,仍然用现在完成时.•Sofarthisyear,therehavebeenanumberofexcitingnewdevelopments.•Hisgirlfriendhasphonedaboutsixtimestoday.•或者该动作(虽然发生在过去)对现在有一定影响时,也用现在完成时.•IhavebeentoItalyseveraltimes.•(IknowaboutItalynow.)•Thebookhassoldoveramillioncopies.•(soitisverysuccessful.)TimephraseswiththePresentPerfect•Presenttimeperiods:•today,thisyear,thisweek•Adverbswhosemeaninglinksthepastandthepresent:•forandsince,already,just,recently,ever,never•Timesadverbsmeaningtimes:•Twice,threetimes,severaltimesSentencepatternswithpresentperfectsimple•Thisis/Itisthefirst,thesecond,thethirdtime+从句•ThisisthefirsttimeIhaveeatenKoreanfood.•ItisonlythesecondtimeIhavemetHarry,butIfeelasifwearealreadyfriends.Presentperfectcontinuous•现在完成进行时强调动作从过去开始,持续到现在,期间动作一直进行,因此多与howlong,for,since,alongtime,allday,allweek等连用.•Wehavebeendrivingforthreehours.•Ihavebeenrushingaroundallday.•Iamsorry,haveyoubeenwaitingforalongtime?•Exercise1,2onpage36Pastperfectsimpleandcontinuous•过去完成时用来表示一动作发生在另一过去动作之前.•WhenIgothome,someonehadleftamessageontheanswerphone.•Itwasobviousfromthestateofthelockthatsomeonehadtriedtobreakin.•因此,过去完成时常见于间接引语中,如:•Smithtoldthepolicehehadnevermetthewitnessbeforethatevening.•Iknewatoncethatsomethinghadhappened.•Mirandawonderedwherehermotherhadhiddenthemoney.TimephraseswiththePastPerfect•Timephrases,suchasforandsince,already,just,recently,ever,nevercanalsobeusedinpastperfect,buttheyareusedinapastcontext.•WhenhemetChristina,Jackhadalreadybeenmarried.•ItwasthefirsttimeIhadeverspentthenightbymyselfinthehouse.•RosaandClarahadknowneachothersincetheirchildhood.Pastperfectcontinuous•过去完成进行时用来表示一动作发在另一过去动作之前一直在重复或者进行.•WehadonlybeendrivingfroaboutfifteenminuteswhenJillaskedmetostopthecar.•Ihadbeentryingtoarrangeaninterviewformonthsbeforesheagreed.过去完成时或者过去完成进行时都可以用在虚拟语气中.Remember•IfyouhadbeensittingwhereIwas,youcouldhavehadamuchbetterview.•IwishIhadnevermetyou.•Finishtheexercise3,4and5onpage36.Futureperfect•将来完成时用来表示一动作发在另一将来动作之前.•Whenherboyfriendgetsherletter,shewillhaveleftthecountry.perfect–ingusedasadverbial•Havingcompletedhiseducation,hestartedlookingforanewjob.•Whenhehadcompletedhiseducation,hestartedlookingforanewjob.•HavingstudiedLatinformanyyears,IfoundItalianrelativelyeasy.•WhenIhadstudiedLatinformanyyears,IfoundItalianrelativelyeasy.Remember:两句的主语必须一致.Backperfectinfinitive(tohavedone)followingmodalverbsforsubjunctivemood(虚拟语气)•IwouldliketohavemetJohnLennon.•Youshouldhavebeenmorecarefulwhenyouovertookthatcar.•Withoutyourhelp,wewouldneverhavegotthisfar.
