先行词 关系词定语从句Mary is a girl who has long hair.关系代词关系副词1. 起连接作用，连接主句和从句2. 必定在所引导的从句中担当成分，如主语，宾语， 表语，定语；状语。 先行词和关系词的关系1.A plane is a machine that can fly. 2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.4.The school where I study is far from my home.the machine = thatthe boy =whothe boy’s =whosein the school = where关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系词 whose 实际上是先行词的所有格关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词 关系代词 which --- 先行词指物， which 在从句中充当主语或宾语的成分。The trees are behind the office building. They have lost their leaves.The trees have lost their leaves.which are behind the office building which 在从句中做主语，先行词 tree 指物 The school uniform isn't fit for me.My teacher gave the school uniform to me. The school uniform isn't fit for me.which 在从句中做 gave 宾语，先行词 school uniform 指物which my teacher gave to me that--- 先行词既可指人，也可指物， that在从句中担当主语，宾语或表语的成分。The man is talking with your mom. Do you know the man? Do you know the man that is talking with your mom?I was glad that all my classmates were fond of the cake that I made.I was glad that all my classmates were fond of the cake.I made the cake. He is no longer the boy.He used to be the boy.He is no longer the boy that he used to be. That 和 which 在指物的情况下一般都可以互换 , 但在下列情况下 , 只能用 that 。1. 先行词为 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。 I am sure she has something that you can borrow.2 当先行词中有人又有物时。 Do you know the things and persons that they aretalking about?3 先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much 等...
