句子结构及成分① 相关概念1. 词性的英文缩写在英语学习中，掌握单词词性非常重要。如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话，我们就不知道如何使用它们，所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。缩写字母原词代表词性n. noun 名词v.verb动词vt. transitive verb及物动词 vi. intransitive verb不及物动词modal v.modal verb 情态动词aux. v.auxiliary verb助动词adj. adjective形容词adv. adverb 副词num.numeral数词interj.interjection感叹词pron. pronoun 代词prep.preposition介词art.article冠词 conjconjunction连词 2. 及物动词和不及物动词实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词。The door opened. (open 后面没跟宾语，此时，open 是不及物动词。)He opened the door.(open 后面有宾语 the door, 此时，open 是及物动词。)注意：英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，词义相同。如：The meeting began at six. < vi.>We began the meeting at six. < vt.>有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，但词义不同。如：The man walked away. (walk 不及物动词，意为“走”)He walked the dog every day. ( walk 及物动词，“遛”)She washes clothes at home. (wash 及物动词，“洗”)The clothes washes well. (wash 不及物动词，“耐洗”)英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物，可能与汉语不同。He listens to the music every day. (listen 为不及物动词，而汉语中“听”是及物动词。)指出下列句中斜体动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，及物动词填 vt.，不及物填 vi.。考点1.Most birds can fly.（ ）考点2.The children are flying kites in the park. ( )考点3.It happened yesterday.（ ）考点4.My watch stopped.（ ）考点5.The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother. ( )考点6.She spoke at the meeting this morning. （ ）考点7.Shall I begin at once?（ ）考点8.She began working as a teacher after she left school.（ ）（ ）考点9.When did they leave Beijing?（ ）考点10. They left last week. （ ）3....
