新托福直接事实题应对指南朗阁海外考试研究中心直接事实题（FactualInformationQuestions）是新托福每次必考题型，而且每次题量较多，通常每篇文章3-6个左右。问题形式朗阁海外考试研究中心分析认为，这种题型要求考生们识别出文章明确阐述的事实信息。这些事实信息问题主要集中于事实、细节、定义或者作者阐述的其他信息。这种题型一般要求考生辨识文章某一部分提到的具体信息，不会问及整篇文章的主旨。通常情况下，相关信息可能是一句话或两句话。这种题目的提问方式通常为：☆Accordingtothepassage,which/what/why/how/who/where/when….☆Theauthor’sdescriptionofXmentionswhichofthefollowing?☆Accordingtotheparagraph,Xoccurredbecause…等等。解题步骤1.看题目，找关键词2.带着关键词在文章中定位相关信息3.看选项，找到和原文对应的改写/同义替换。注意：1.主要考察考生的定位能力2.此种题型量大，但难度不大3.做题过程中要排除那些错误选项，错误的选项通常为☻重复文章中的信息，但并没有回答问题☻错误表达文章中的信息或观点1☻与文章中观点不符☻与文章无关或者文章中没有被提到。另外朗阁专家建议考生在做题过程中要巧用一些特定的表达方式（即关系词），因为他们可以帮助考生们理解句子与句子之间及段落之间各个观点的关系。illustrateforexamplenextsuchForinstancetoillustratesuchasGivereasonsasaresultofbecauseofonereasonisbecauseduetosinceshowresultaccordinglyconsequentlythereforeasaresultotherwisethuscomparebothlikesimilarlyequally…thesamesimilartocontrastalthoughinsteadratherconverselyneverthelessunlikehoweveronthecontrarywhereasincontrastontheotherhandwhileaddalsofinallymoreoveranotherfirst,second,third…notonly…butalsoaswellasfurthermoretoolimitalthoughexceptforhoweverbuteventhoughyetemphasizecertainlyindeedmostimportantlyclearlyinfactsurely2下面我们通过几个例子来示范这种题目的答题步骤及方法。Itshouldbeobviousthatcetaceans---whales,porpoises,anddolphins---aremammals.Theybreathethroughlungs,notthroughgills,andgivebirthtoliveyoung.Theirstreamlinedbodies,theabsenceofhindlegsandthepresenceofaflukeandblowholecannotdisguisetheiraffinitieswithlanddwellingmammals.However,unlikethecasesofseaottersandpinnipeds(seals,sealions,andwalruses,whoselimbsarefunctionalbothonlandandsea),itisnoteasytoenvisionwhatthefirstwhaleslookeslike.Extinctbutalreadyfullymarinecetaceansareknownfromthefossilrecord.Howwasthegapbetweenawalkingmammalandaswimmingwhalebridged?Missinguntilrecentlywerefossilsclearlyintermediate,ortransitional,betweenlandmammalsandcetaceans.Inparagraph1,whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthepresenceofablowholeincetaceans?○Itclearlyindicatesthatcetaceansaremammals.○Itcannotconcealthefactthatcetaceansaremammals.○Itisthemaindifferencebetweencetaceansandland-dwellingmammals.○Itcannotyieldcluesabouttheoriginsofcetaceans.解题步骤：首先我们读题目，确定关键词为“ablowholeincetaceans”；接下来带着关键词在文章中定位相关信息为“thepresenceofaflukeandblowholecannotdisguisetheiraffinitieswithlanddwellingmammals”；然后读选项，找到和原文对应的内容的改写为“Itcannotconcealthefactthatcetaceansaremammals”,因此正确答案为第二个选项。Thefossilconsistsofacompleteskullofanarchaeocyte,anextinctgroupofancestorsofmoderncetaceans.Althoughlimitedtoaskull,thePakicetusfossilprovidespreciousdetailsontheoriginsofcetaceans.Theskulliscetacean-likebutitsjawboneslacktheenlargedspacethatisfilledwithfatoroil3andusedforreceivingunderwatersoundinmodernwhales.Pakicetusprobablydetectedsoundthroughtheearopeningasinlandmammals.Theskullalsolacksablowhole,anothercetaceanadaptationfordiving.Otherfe...
