定语从句1——关系代词引导的定语从句一、考点、热点回顾【词汇辨析】1.everyday&everydayeveryday“每天”,作时间状语。everyday是形容词,“每天的,日常的”。eg:ShelearnssomeeverydayEnglisheveryday.她每天学一些日常英语。Hegoestobedlateeveryday.他每天睡觉很晚。2.between&amongbetween常用于表示两者之间,或用于表示三者或三者以上的众多事物两两之间among一般指在三者或三者以上众多事物之中。eg:TomisbetweenAnnandMary.汤姆在安和玛丽之间。Theytalkedamongthemselveswhiletheywaited.他们一边等着一边互相谈话【固定搭配】todo/doing在英语中,有些动词或动词短语后既可以接不定式,也可以接动名词做宾语,但意思不同1.forgettodo忘记做某事I’msorryIforgottoposttheletter.forgetdoing做过某事忘了Iforgottellinghimthenewstheotherday.2.stoptodo停下来做某事Hestoppedtotalktomewhenhesawmeinthestreetyesterday.stopdoing停止做某事Pleasestoptalkingloudlyinthelibrary.3.trytodo尽力做某事I’lltrytogettherebeforesunset.我将尽量在日落前赶到那里。trydoing试着做某事Whynottryknockingatthebackdoor?为什么不试一试敲后门?4.regrettodo遗憾地将做某事IregrettosaythatIcan’tgowithyou.regretdoing后悔做过某事IregretmissingsuchagoodchanceofpractisingmyspokenEnglish.【关系代词引导的定语从句】(一)、定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如:1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why关系词常有三个作用:1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分(二)、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人,在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。(2)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)1(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。(1)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(2)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(4)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookisyellow?【总结】:一、关系代词引导定语从句时,可作主语、宾语、定语等句子成分。如:代替人代替物代替人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whom/whowhichthat定语whose(=ofwhom)whose(=ofwhich)1.ThisisthedoctorwhocamefromLondon.2.Thebookwhich/thatIamreadingiswrittenbyThomasHardy.3.Thedeskwhoselegisbrokenisveryold.4.Thisistheroomthat/whichShakespearewasbornin.二、使用关系代词时应注意以下几点:1.如果先行词是all,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which。例如:Allthatarepresentburstintotears.2.如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,much,no,some,very等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which。例如:ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillnever...