生物化学与分子生物学名词中英文对照表

分子生物学adenine（A）腺嘌呤base碱基guanine(G)鸟嘌呤nudeotide核苷酸cytosine(C)胞嘧啶nucleoside核苷uracil(U）尿嘧啶thymine(T）胸腺嘧啶base pair碱基对phosphodiester linkage磷酸二酯键nucleosome核小体ribosome核糖体ribosomal RNA（rRNA）核糖体 RNAtransfer RNA(tRNA）转运 RNAmessenger RNA（mRNA)信使 RNAthe central dogma中心法则semiconservative replication半保留复制DNA dependent DNA polymerase依赖 DNA 的 DNA 聚合酶mitochondria DNA线粒体 DNAexonuclease核酸外切酶incorporation掺入helicase解螺旋酶DNA topoisomeraseDNA 拓扑异构酶single stranded DNA binding protein单链 DNA 结合蛋白gyrase旋转酶primosome引发体primase引物酶DNA ligaseDNA 连接酶origin 起始点bidirectional replication双向复制replicon复制子leading strand领头链lagging strand随从链Okazaki fragment冈崎片段rolling circle replication滚环复制telomerase端粒酶nuclease核酸酶salvage pathway补救合成de novo synthesis从头合成uric acid尿酸inosine肌苷mutation突变dimer二聚体mismatch错配excission repairing切除修复recombination repairing重组修复reverse transcriptase逆转录酶integration整合ribozyme核酶DNA dependent RNA polymerase依赖 DNA 的 RNA 聚合酶coding strand编码链template strand模板链core enzyme核心酶holoenzyme全酶operon操纵子promoter启动子Pribnow boxPribnow 盒transacting factor反式作用因子transcriptional factor转录因子stern loop茎环hairpin发夹primary transcripts初级转录产物post-transcriptional modification转录后修饰hetero—nuclear RNA hnRNAsmall nuclear RNAsnRNAsplit gene断裂基因exon外显子intron内含子self splicing自我剪接translation翻译codon密码子initiation codon起始密码termination codon终止密码code密码ribozyme cycle核糖体循环adaptor转换器post—translational processing翻译后加工interferon干扰素antibiotics抗生素anticodon反密码子releasing factor释放因子wobble pairing摇摆配对degeneracy简并性signal peptide信号肽secretory protein分泌性蛋白质elongation factor延长因子streptomycin链霉素tetracycline四环素chloromycetin氯霉素puromycin嘌呤霉素cycloheximide防线菌酮promot...